高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

agreat/goodmany:alargenumberof許多。修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

I’mquitebusy.Ihaveagreatmanythingstodo.我很忙，我有很高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

多事要做。

若復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有限定詞或其修飾的為代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加of.

①Agreatmanyofthebookshavebeensoldout.已經(jīng)賣了很多書了。

②Agreatmanyofthemareoutofwork.他們很多人失業(yè)了。

able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)

①Heisanableman.那人本事不小。

enable(v)使……能

②Wemustlearnmoretoenableustofaceallthedifficulties.我們要多學(xué)知高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

識(shí)以便能面對(duì)各種困難。

disable:有殘疾的，不能干的；thedisabled表示一類人（殘疾人）

able作詞輟時(shí)

①可以……的，值得……的（有被動(dòng)含義）

eatable可食用的，measurable可以測(cè)量、估計(jì)的；readable可讀的

②其他含義：conformable舒適的、安逸的；suitable合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

above,over,on

三個(gè)詞都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含“布滿、覆蓋、跨越”之意，與under相對(duì)；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對(duì)。注意：與數(shù)字、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度詞連用時(shí)，多用over,同morethan。如：over10,000people一萬多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如amanabovefifty五十開外的人；abovezero零度以上。

習(xí)慣用語：wellaboveaverage遠(yuǎn)在高一英語語法講解一般以上；abovesea-level海拔以上；theoneabove上面的一個(gè)；aboveall首先，尤其重要的是；overthere那邊；allover遍及；overagain再一遍；overandover再三地

[應(yīng)用]介詞填空①Therelayanumbrella_______thetableandsomeraincoats_____it.

②Themotherheldanumbrella______theboy’sheadsothatthesunwouldn’tburnhim.

③Thereseemedtobeawarandmanyplaneswereflying____thecity.

④Themoonwas______thetreesintheeast.

Key:①on,under②over③over④above

aboveall首先，特別是，最重要的是

afterall到底，畢竟

atall(用來加強(qiáng)語氣)與not連用，表示“一點(diǎn)也不，完全不”。

inall總共

allbut幾乎，差點(diǎn)沒（=almost,nearly）

①Wehaveallbutfinishedthework.

②Thedayturnedoutfineafterall.③Childrenneedmanythings,butabovealltheyneedlove.

④Hewasn’tatalltired.

⑤Doyoufeelillatall(真的，確實(shí))？

⑥Thereweretwentyinallattheparty.

accident/event/incident

event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發(fā)生的事故，特別是不高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對(duì)于accident來說，顯得不很重要，指“小事件”，它還可以用來表示“事變”，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：

Thebroadcasterisbroadcastingthenewsoncurrentevents.廣播員正在播報(bào)時(shí)事新聞。

Hewasbadlyinjuredinthetrafficaccident.在那起交通事故中，他嚴(yán)重受傷。

Therewasanincidentonthebus:amanfoughtwiththeconductor.那輛公共汽車上發(fā)生了一件事，有個(gè)人和售票員打了起來。

HaveyouheardofXi’anIncident?你聽說過“西安事變”嗎？

admitvt.①接納，許可……進(jìn)入（allowsb./sth.toenter）

Hewasadmittedtotheschoolthisyear.Onlytwohundredboysandgirlsareadmittedtoourschooleveryyear.

②承認(rèn)，后可接名詞，doing、從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

Iadmitmyfault.Sheadmittedhavingreadtheletter.Headmittedthathiscomprehensionwasweak.Youmustadmitthetasktobedifficult.

advice建議；勸告。是不可數(shù)名詞，“一條建議”應(yīng)用apieceofadvice。常用結(jié)構(gòu)。

givesb.advice(on)/giveadvice給某人提（關(guān)于……的）建議；忠告某人。

ask(sb.)foradvice征求（某人的）意見。

①M(fèi)arxgaveussomegoodadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.關(guān)于如何學(xué)好外語，馬克思

擴(kuò)展閱讀：人教版高中英語選修六知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

Unit1I詞匯及結(jié)構(gòu)

1.wouldratherdosth情愿做.

wouldrathersbdidsth情愿sb做

情愿做.而不愿意做：wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth

=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsth

Iwouldratherstayathometoday.我今天寧愿待在家里。Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。

Iwouldratheryouhadnttoldmeaboutityesterday.我寧愿你昨天沒有告訴我關(guān)于它。2.faithn.信任,信仰breakone"sfaithwithsb.對(duì)某人不守信用

keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信

Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對(duì)他的諾言。

Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信心的人,失去所有。havefaithin相信,信任

ingoodfaith老實(shí)地；誠(chéng)懇地faithfuladj.忠誠(chéng)的，可靠的

3.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext．

so+adj+a(an)+(單數(shù)可數(shù))(+that)somany/few+n(復(fù)數(shù))(+that)somuch/little(不可數(shù))(+that)such+adj.+n.(不可數(shù))/n(復(fù)數(shù))

eg.1)Thebookis________interestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.

2)Itwas________acolddaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.3)Itwas_______coldadaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.4)Thereare_______manymistakesinyourcompositionthatIcantunderstandit.

5)Hehasmade________rapidprogressthathegotthefirstintheexam.

6)_______thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.（07陜西）A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.SowashersuccessfulbusinessB

4.consequentlyadv.所以，因此

Ioversleptand____Iwaslateforwork.我睡過頭了,所以我上班遲到了。MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.福斯特先生從未去過中國(guó),所以對(duì)中國(guó)了解得很少。Itrainedthatdayand___thebaseballgamewascalledoff.A.howeverB.stillC.soD.consequentlyD

consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的,隨之發(fā)生的asaconsequence/result=inconsequence=soShewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).她被判有罪,因而失去了工作consequencen.結(jié)果

asaconsequence/resultof=becauseof5.aim1）n.

1(C)目標(biāo)○

withoutaim無目的的/無目標(biāo)的achieveonesaim

missone’saim打不中目標(biāo)2(U)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimat○

Thehuntertookaimatthelion

sb/sth’saimistodo的目標(biāo)是.

Whatisyouraiminlife?你生活的目的是什么?Thegovernorsaimistoincreasecitizensincome.2）v.

1(以槍等)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)aimat○

takeaimatthetarget=aimatthetarget瞄準(zhǔn)靶子

Thefactorymustaimatincreasingitsquality.他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)老虎并開火,但沒打中Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.無目標(biāo)的，無目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.

2打算,計(jì)劃,以為目標(biāo),立志做○

aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn),力求做到,力爭(zhēng)達(dá)到Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor.or:Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.

6.typicaladj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)atypicalcharacter典型人物typicalexample典型事例

Heisatypicalpupil;heislikemostoftheotherpupils.他是一個(gè)有代表性的學(xué)生，他和大多數(shù)其他學(xué)生一樣。adj.evident明白的,明顯的(apparent)n.evidence證據(jù);證明

Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.掌聲顯然表明該劇是成功的。Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…..

It"sevidentthatyouaretired.顯然你累了。inevidence=evident明顯的

7.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的,逼真的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義idealismrealist現(xiàn)實(shí)主義terrorism恐怖主義terrorist恐怖分子SocialismSocialist

realadj.真的realizev.實(shí)現(xiàn)

8.DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.

holdIdeas/value持有的觀點(diǎn)/價(jià)值觀Iholdtheviewthattheplancantwork.adoptvt.

1).采取;采納;吸收

Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.再三考慮之后,我決定采納她的建議。

2).過繼,收養(yǎng)[(+as)]

Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。3).正式通過,接受

Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.經(jīng)過討論,議事日程獲得通過。adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的，被采用的adoptedchild

11.possess用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。有多種不同的含義：1）“有，擁有”。如：

Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartistsearlyworks.圖書館里藏有那位畫家的一些早期作品。2）“具有的特質(zhì)”。常見搭配有bepossessedofsth，意為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”。如：Imafraidhedoesntpossessasenseofhumor.恐怕他沒有什么幽默感。Heispossessedofgreatnaturalability.他很有天賦。3）“支配，控制”。如：

Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.[n].possession

1【c】財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物（常用復(fù)數(shù)）○

Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.這只戒指是他最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)之一。personalpossessions個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)

Helostallhispossessionsinthefire.2【u】占有，擁有○

takepossessionof占領(lǐng)，奪取comeintopossessionof占有

inpossessionof(表主動(dòng)）占有

inthepossessionof（表被動(dòng)）被占有Heisin~ofthehouse.他擁有這套房子。

Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。--Doestheyoungmanstandingthere_____thecompany?--No.Thecompanyis_____hisfather.A.have~of;in~ofB.in~of;inthe~ofC.take~of;inthe~ofD.have~of;in~of

9.convince

convincesb.todosth=convincesbofsth.說服某人做Convincesbthat使某人確信某事

Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我確信他的真誠(chéng)。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.

Yourmistakesconvincedmethatyouhadntstudiedyourlesson.你的錯(cuò)誤使我確信你沒有學(xué)習(xí)功課。convincevt.“使確信；使信服”convincesb.ofsth./that...

Scientistsareconvinced_____thepossibleeffectoflaughter_____physicalandmentalhealth.A.of;atB.by;inC.of;onD.on;atbycoincidence碰巧,由于巧合

whatacoincidence！多么湊巧的事情啊！

Whatacoincidencetomeetyouhere.真巧在這兒碰到你。Imethimbycoincidence.Ididntknowhewashere.10.agreat/gooddeal大量;大量

Eversincethereformandopening,Chinahaschangedagreatdeal.(adv.修飾v.)

Agreatdealhasbeenstudiedandthisisconsideredthebestwaytosolvethedifficultproblem.(n.)Heranagreatdealfasterthanme.(修飾比較級(jí))agreat/gooddealof為adj，修飾[U]

Agreatdealofmoneywasspentontheproject.那個(gè)項(xiàng)目花費(fèi)了大量金錢。1）修飾可數(shù)名詞：manyafew

agood/greatmany

Agreatmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltalongthestreet.alarge/big/great//smallnumberofManya+單數(shù)名詞

Morethanone+單數(shù)名詞2）修飾不可數(shù)名詞：much

agood/greatdealof

alargeamountof(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largeamountsof(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))3）修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞alotof/lotsofplentyof

alargequantityof(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largequantitiesof(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))練習(xí)：

1.____thestudentsinourschoolgotocollegeintheirteens.AgoodmanyB.AgreatmanyofC.AgreatdealofD.Alotof

2.Heis____betternow.Dontworryabouthim.A.moreB.agreatdealof

C.anumberofD.agreatdeal13.Theimpressionistswerethefirstartiststopaintoutdoors.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheclassroom.

10.attemptv.嘗試，企圖v.①企圖，試圖；努力

②試圖，嘗試：努力去執(zhí)行，做或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做

attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doing

Thesecondquestionwassodifficult;Ididntevenattemptit.第二道題太難了，我連試都沒試。Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.我想開口說幾句，但有人叫我別做聲。Iattemptedtoreadtheentirenovelinonesitting.

Weattemptedthedifficultmaneuverwithoutassistance.

1企圖或努力○2襲擊；攻擊n.○

anattemptonsomeone"slife.對(duì)某人生命的攻擊

Shellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_________.

A)intentionB)attemptC)purposeD)desire

makeanattempttodosthatdoingsth

Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她試著做這頓飯。Theprisonermadeanattempttoescape/atescapingbutfailed.atone’sattempt在sb嘗試下one’sfirstattempt初次嘗試練習(xí)：

1)他試圖行走直到摔倒。

He______________________________2)他參加過考試，可是失敗了。

He________________________butfailed.3)我企圖說話，可是有人要我安靜點(diǎn)。I________________butwastoldtobequiet.attemptedwalkinguntilhefellover.attemptedtheexaminationattemptedtospeak

18.Ontheotherhand

另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。常與ononehand連用。Ononehandontheotherhand一方面另一方面

Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idonthavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idonthaveenoughmoney.Athand在手邊，在附近Byhand用手的，手工的

Gohandinhandwith與共同行動(dòng)19.Predict

1)v.預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)后面加名詞做賓語或接that從句/wh-從句。Nobodycanpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.

Itisstillnotpossibletoaccuratelypredicttheoccurrenceofearthquakes.現(xiàn)在還不可能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)地震的發(fā)生。2)n.Prediction預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)Herpredictionturnedouttobecorrect.她的預(yù)言證明是正確的。20.Specific明確的，詳盡的，具體的，特有的

Canyoubeabitmorespecificwhenyoutalkaboutyourplan?當(dāng)你談及你的計(jì)劃時(shí)，你能說的再具體點(diǎn)嗎？Eachorganinourbodyhasitsspecificfunction.我們體內(nèi)的每個(gè)器官都有自己獨(dú)特的作用。

Thiskindofdiseaseisspecifictohouses.這種病只有馬才會(huì)得。21.figure

1)外形;體形;人影Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)體態(tài);風(fēng)姿Shehasaslenderfigure.

3)人物;名人Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)數(shù)字Wheredidyougetthosefigures?5)Hisworknowcommandshugefigures.22.delicate

Heisadelicatechild.纖弱的,嬌弱的，瘦弱的

Becarefulwiththosewinecupstheyareverydelicate.容易的

InsuchadelicatesituationIhavetoweighmywords.需要小心處理的;微妙的;棘手的在這樣微妙的情形下,我必須權(quán)衡一下我的話。Whatadelicateworkofart!精妙的delicatechina.精美的瓷器

23.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的;有闖勁的;侵略性的;好斗的Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。

WeregardedtheIraqWarasanaggressiveone.我們認(rèn)為伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。anaggressivesalesman一干勁很大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊性武器2)aggressivelyadv.氣勢(shì)洶洶地

3)aggressionn.侵略（行動(dòng)）aggressorn.侵略者練習(xí)：

Ifyouwanttobecomeasuccessfulbusinessman,youmust_____________.如果你想做一個(gè)成功的商人，你必須積極進(jìn)取。

_______________mustbedestroyed.必須要銷毀攻擊性的武器。beaggressiveAggressivearms

24.Intheflesh活生生，本人，親自Fleshn.肌肉；肉

HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh?你見過周杰倫本人嗎？

Hewouldn’tbelieveuntilhesawintheflesh他直到親眼目睹才相信。Fleshandblood肉體，血肉之軀

Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.Loseflesh減肥

Gain/putonflesh增肥Flesh-eating食肉的25.preference-prefer

1)更加的喜愛,偏愛[U][C][(+for)]Awindowseatismypreference.我喜歡靠窗的座位。Wedresssimplybypreference.首先,最好2)偏愛的事物(或人)[C]

Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee?你喜歡喝哪一樣,茶還是咖啡?3)偏袒[U][(+for)]

Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.父母不應(yīng)流露出對(duì)任何一個(gè)孩子的偏心。

4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)惠權(quán)[U][C]inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于Haveapreferencefor偏愛

Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.我更喜歡古典音樂。Wehadapreferenceforsweetfood.我們特別喜歡吃甜食.inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于

Idchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.我寧可選擇那輛小的汽車而不要那輛大的。

Shechosetolearntheviolininpreferencetothepiano.她愿學(xué)小提琴而不學(xué)鋼琴.26.Appeal

vi.1)呼吁,懇求appealtosbforsth.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)訴諸,求助[(+to)]

Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力,迎合愛好[W][(+to)]TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上訴[(+to/against)]

Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.27.fragileadj.精細(xì)的；易碎的；脆弱的；

Ashebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend,hisheartwasfragile.由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。Reputationn.

1名譽(yù),名聲[(+for)]○

Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.該店買賣公平,聲譽(yù)極佳。Hehasareputationforcheatingintheexam.他以考試作弊而享有盛名。haveareputation享有盛名2好名聲,聲望;信譽(yù)○

Thisrestauranthasafinereputation.這家餐廳信譽(yù)很好。

Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer‘sreputation.比賽時(shí)作弊敗壞了那位選手的聲望。liveuptoone’sreputation不負(fù)盛名loseone’sreputation失去盛名；

winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù)

Youmustliveuptoyourpromise.你必須實(shí)踐自己的諾言。

Theyarealwaysexhortedtodeliverresultsandtoliveuptotheirparents"highexpectations他們無時(shí)無刻被提醒要考取好成績(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)父母對(duì)他們的高度期望。28.、Themuseumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisualdelightsofart.博物館展示的不僅僅是視覺上的樂趣。morethan＋名詞意為“不僅僅”，morethanjust相當(dāng)于notonly,notjust的意思。如：Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.詹森不僅是一名講師，他還是一個(gè)作家。Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。1)morethan+數(shù)詞，意為“超過”相當(dāng)于over，其反義詞組為lessthan。如Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.公園里有200多人。2)“morethan＋形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“非�！钡囊馑肌Ｈ纾篒ammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我對(duì)你的講話十分滿意。Shewasdressedmorethansimply.她穿著太樸素了。

3)在“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，肯定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”后面的部分，常譯為“是而不是”或“與其說不如說”。如：Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽到這巨大的聲響，男孩與其說是害怕不如說是感到很驚訝。句型：

1.TheImpressionistswere_________________________________.印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家。(P2)

序數(shù)詞thefirst/thesecond/thelast(＋sb.)＋todo是一種常見結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定語；如果主語和不定式之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

Mymonitorisalwaysthefirsttocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.我的班長(zhǎng)總是第一個(gè)到校、最后一個(gè)離開。

Totellthetruth,hewasthelastpersontobemetwithbythemanager.說實(shí)話，他是最后一個(gè)被經(jīng)理接見的人。

ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上第一個(gè)獲得金牌的女選手。

2.__________________somanygreatworksofartfromthelate19thcenturyto21stcenturyarehousedinthesamemuseum.令人吃驚的是，在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀(jì)后期到21世紀(jì)的如此眾多的名家巨作。Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/shockingthat...是一種常見句型，表示“……令人吃驚、震驚、驚訝等”，其中it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作句子的真正主語。這種句型可以用toone"samazement/surprise/astonishment/shock這些短語作狀語來改寫。

Itissurprisingthatchildrenwhoaresevenyearsolddon"tknowhowtobrushone"steeth.令人吃驚的是，七歲的孩子還不知道怎么刷牙

Toourshock,theterroristexplosioncausedoveronehundreddeaths.令我們震驚的是，這次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。

語法：虛擬語氣

1.虛擬語氣用于條件句、其它句型中

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)從句用過去時(shí)(did/were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Howniceit________ifI________asisterlikeyou!

A．was;hadB．wouldbe;hadhadC．wouldhavebeen;hadD．wouldbe;had【解析】題干表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)規(guī)則選D項(xiàng)

2.與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)從句用過去完成時(shí)(haddone)，主句用would/should/could/might＋havedone

Wereyouintimeforthelecture?

IfI________toldearlier,Iwouldhave.

A．hadbeenB．wasC．weretobeD．shouldbe

選A。由問句看出與過去事實(shí)相反，因而從句中使用過去完成時(shí)。

3.與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句中可用三種形式，即動(dòng)詞的過去式/should＋動(dòng)詞原形/wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形。

Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit________breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.

A．wouldB．shouldC．couldD．might

分析：后一句實(shí)際上使用了與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，從句中使用should表示“假如；萬一”

________fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldyoubeB．ShouldyoubeC．CouldyoubeD．Mightyoube

【解析】前一分句實(shí)際上使用的是虛擬語氣，與將來事實(shí)相反從句中使用Ifyoushouldbefired，可以省略if而把should提前到主語之前。

4.虛擬語氣用于錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句：條件句和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自不同的時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。

5.虛擬語氣用于含蓄條件句：句中沒有條件從句，其內(nèi)容暗含在短語或上下文中。

ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.

A．wouldnotwinB．wouldnothavewonC．wouldwinD．wouldhavewonbutfor(要不是)引導(dǎo)的短語在句中作狀語時(shí)，句子的謂語部分常用虛擬語氣；此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，因而使用“would

6.wish后的賓語從句中：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)用were或動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用had＋過去分詞；與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．hasB．hadC．willhaveD．hadhad

wish后的從句如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的過去形式。

7.在suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建議、命令、要求、愿望的詞后面的賓語從句中；在與suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等有關(guān)的表語從句、同位語從句中；以及在It＋be＋suggested/ordered/requested/insisted/desired/requiredthat...句型中用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。

Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou________swimaftereatingalargemeal.A．wouldn"tB．couldn"tC．needn"tD．shouldn"t

recommend表示“建議”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句中的謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。

.Hissuggestionisthattheharvest________inbeforetherainyseasoncomes.A．getB．shouldgetC．begotD．willbegot

suggestion之后的that從句是表語從句，其中謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should省略。8.在It"s(high)timethat...句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略)，表示“早就該”

It"snouseenvyingotherstheirsuccess.It"stimethatyou________hard.A．mustworkB．weretoworkC．workD．workedIt"stimethat...句型中使用動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)

9.asif/asthough(好像，似乎)之后的方式狀語從句中；ifonly句型表示“要是……多好啊”中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用had＋過去分詞；與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)用should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。

Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.

A．breaksB．hasbrokenC．werebrokenD．hadbeenbroken

Unit2

詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.conveyv.傳達(dá)；運(yùn)送

Otherstryto________certainemotions.而有些詩則是為了傳達(dá)某種情感的。(P10)Pleaseconveymybestwishestoher.請(qǐng)代我向她表示最良好的祝愿。(朗文P413)convey...to...把運(yùn)到

convey...tosb.向某人傳達(dá)/表達(dá)(思想、感情等)conveyone"sfeelings表達(dá)感情

2．transformv.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換

Gettingthatnewjobhascompletelytransformedher.她得到了那份新工作以后，人全變了。(朗文P1871)Inonly20yearsthecountryhasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialpower.這個(gè)國(guó)家只用了20年時(shí)間就變成了一個(gè)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)。(朗文P1871)transform...into把某人/物改變成transform...from從中轉(zhuǎn)變、轉(zhuǎn)化3.appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)模徽��?dāng)?shù)?/p>

Matchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththe___________ending.Yourclothesarehardlyappropriateforajobinterview.你的服裝不太適合求職面試時(shí)穿。(朗文P76)

Itisappropriatethathe(should)makeanapologytous.他向我們道歉是合適的。(文馨P87)

Thehouseisnotreallysuitableforalargefamily.這所房子確實(shí)不適合大家庭居住。beappropriateto/for...對(duì)適合；適宜

Itisappropriate/properthat...(should)do...是合適的besuitablefor/to...適合的；適宜的befitfor...適合；勝任

注意appropriate指適合于特殊的人及場(chǎng)合、地位等；suitable指適合某種情況或安排；fit指大小適合或勝任某職位；appropriate等于veryproper。4.exchangen．/v.交換；交流；調(diào)換；兌換

Iftherehadnotbeenan__________programme,hewouldnothavefoundasponsortohelphimstudyabroad.

要是沒有一個(gè)交流項(xiàng)目的話，他就不可能找到贊助者幫助他到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。(P13)Hegavemeanappleinexchangeforapieceofcake.他給我一個(gè)蘋果，來換我的一塊蛋糕。(朗文P589)IexchangedseatswithBill.我和比爾換了座位。(朗文P589)exchangesth.forsth.拿交換exchangesth.withsb.與某人交換某物

exchangemoney兌換錢幣inexchangefor...交換；調(diào)換doanexchange作一下交換culturalexchange文化交流

exchangerate/programme匯率/交流項(xiàng)目

5．sponsorn.贊助人；主辦者；倡議者v.發(fā)起；舉辦；倡議；贊助Thebaseballmatchisbeingsponsoredbyacigarettecompany.棒球賽是由一家煙草公司贊助舉行的。(朗文P1702)

IfI"mgoingtogoandliveintheUS,ImustgetanAmericansponsor.如果我去美國(guó)并在那里居住，必須有美國(guó)人作擔(dān)保。(朗文P1701)sponsorthecelebration主辦慶祝會(huì)sponsorsb.資助某人sponsoraplan倡議計(jì)劃

becomeone"ssponsor成為某人的贊助人/擔(dān)保人6.loadn.負(fù)擔(dān)；負(fù)荷物v.裝載；給負(fù)荷Thegoodnewshastakenaloadoffmymind.這好消息使我如釋重負(fù)。(文馨P1098)

Supportingherfamilyhasbeenaheavyloadforher.養(yǎng)家對(duì)她來說是很大的負(fù)擔(dān)。(文馨P1098)

takealoadoffone"smind使卸下心上重負(fù)；使某人如釋重負(fù)havealoadonone"smind放心不下carryaheavyload負(fù)重載loadsof＝aloadof許多

7.takeit/thingseasy輕松；不緊張；從容Justtakeiteasyandtelluswhathappened.別急，告訴我們發(fā)生了什么事。(朗文P597)

There"snoneedtorushbackjusttakeyourtime.不要急著趕回來，慢慢來吧。(朗文P2103)takeone"stime別著急，慢慢來takesb./sth.seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某人/事

take...forgranted對(duì)想當(dāng)然，認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然8.runoutof用完，用盡

Thetruckhasrunoutofgasagain.卡車的油又用完了。(朗文P1731)Oursuppliessoonranout.

我們的補(bǔ)給很快就耗盡了。(朗文P1731)runout用完，耗盡

giveout(物)用完，耗盡；(人)筋疲力盡；發(fā)出；分發(fā)；宣布useup用完；用光

runout＝giveout是不及物短語，通常以物作主語；runoutof＝useup是及物短語，多以人作主語9.makeupof構(gòu)成，組成(用于被動(dòng))

AnothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisapoemmadeupoffivelinesWomenmakeuponly30%oftheworkers.女性占勞動(dòng)力的30%。(朗文P1189)

I"mtryingtomakeupforthetimelostwhileIwasaway.我正在設(shè)法彌補(bǔ)我不在期間耽誤的時(shí)間。(朗文P1189)Wedidn"tmakeittothepartyintheend.我們最終還是沒能參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。(朗文P1187)bemadeoutof由制成；用改造而成makeup組成；編造；化妝makeupfor彌補(bǔ)bemadeof/from由制成bemadeinto把制成bemadein(某物)產(chǎn)于某地makeit獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)makeout看清；分清；辨認(rèn)清楚makethebed整理床鋪10.tryout測(cè)試；試驗(yàn)

IthinkIwill__________hiswaytoosometime.我想將來某個(gè)時(shí)候也嘗試一下他的方法。(P15)

Theideasoundsfine,butweneedtotryitoutinpractice.這個(gè)主意聽起來不錯(cuò)，但我們要在實(shí)踐中試驗(yàn)一下。(朗文P1887)Theywereletoutofprisonlastweek.他們上周從監(jiān)獄里放出來了。(朗文P1000)

Iamcountingonyoutosupportme;don"tletmedown.tryoutfor...參加競(jìng)爭(zhēng)tryon試穿tryone"sbest盡力tryone"sluck試試運(yùn)氣

tryone"sskill/strength考驗(yàn)自己的技術(shù)/體力letout發(fā)出；放走；泄露；加寬；加大衣服letin讓進(jìn)來；放進(jìn)letdown放下；使失望

letoff開(槍)；放(煙火)；釋放；讓某人下車句型

1.Therearevarious_______________peoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。(P10)用法：...reason(s)why意為“的原因”，why等于forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞reason。reason后也可以接that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；that也可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明reason的內(nèi)容。

Thereasonwhyhediedyoungwashisinattentiontohealth.他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的健康。

Idon"tknowthereasonwhyhefailedthefinalchemistryexam.我不知道他期末化學(xué)考試不及格的原因。Wedon"tbelievethereasonthatyougaveus.我們不相信你給我們的理由。

Wearenotgoingforthesimplereasonthatwecan"taffordit.我們不去的理由很簡(jiǎn)單，我們負(fù)擔(dān)不起�！緦�(duì)比】下列句型：

Thisiswhy...這就是的原因。(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Thisisbecause...這是因?yàn)椤?強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)

Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...(的原因是)句型中，一般用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，而不用because。單項(xiàng)填空

(1)Hedidn"tgobybikewithme.That"s________therewassomethingwrongwithhisbike.A．becauseB．whyC．howD．whenA2.

wanttowritepoemsoftheirown.

有了這么多可供選擇的詩歌類型，學(xué)生們最終也許想自己作詩了。(P11)

用法：句中with結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因，置于句首，可替換為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，即等于“Becausetherearesomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，”，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，有時(shí)這一結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表示條件。

Withsomuchhomeworktodothisevening,Ican"tgototheconcert.因?yàn)榻裢碛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做，我不能去參加音樂會(huì)。

Withalocalguidetohelpus,wewillhavenodifficultyinfindingthetemple.如果有一名當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?dǎo)游幫助我們，我們找到那座廟宇將不會(huì)有困難。單項(xiàng)填空

(2)Withsomanytoughproblems________，themanagerfeelsalittleworried.A．solveB．solvingC．tosolveD．settled語法：

it用法與強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1.用作形式主語，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或各種從句所表示的真正主語。________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A．ThisB．ThatC．WhatD．It

【解析】it代替后面的名詞短語theway...作形式主語。2.作形式賓語，代指不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語

Hedidn"tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A．thisB．thatC．itD．these

【解析】it代替后面的whenandwhere從句作形式賓語。

Thechairmanthought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A．thatB．itC．thisD．him

【解析】it代替后面的不定式作形式賓語。3.

有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。

I"dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A．thatB．itC．thisD．you

【解析】it代指后面的if從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。4.

Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefromstudentsmayeventually

表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動(dòng)詞，后面接it，然后再跟從句，it代指從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。此類動(dòng)詞

it用來指代上文提到的事物、情況等

Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith________extrastress.

A．itB．themC．oneD．him

【解析】it代指beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneeds這一意義。

5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)可用who/whom代替that，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語時(shí)，通常只使用that，而不使用when，where，why。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分一般是主語、賓語、各種狀語。用is還是was取決于原句謂語動(dòng)詞的

時(shí)態(tài)，如原句是現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來各種時(shí)態(tài)，用Itis...that...；如原句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則用Itwas...that...。ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver________MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A．howB．whichC．thatD．where

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)看出，題干使用的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，因而使用連詞that。6.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)形式：

①強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于not...until結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋notuntil...＋that＋其他部分。②強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于一般疑問句：Is/Was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分。

③強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于特殊疑問句：被強(qiáng)調(diào)的通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞，其強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？

Itwasnotuntilmidnight________theyreachedthecampsite.A．thatB．whenC．whileD．a(chǎn)s

【解析】句中強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語notuntil，連詞使用that。Unit3詞匯：

1.abusen．/v.濫用；虐待

Theofficialsarealwaysremindednottoabusetheirpower.官員們總是被提醒不要濫用權(quán)力。

It"sourdutytoprovidehelpfortheabusedchildren.給被虐待的兒童提供幫助是我們的職責(zé)drugabuse吸毒

bebadlyabused被虐待abuseofpower濫用權(quán)力personalabuse人身攻擊

showerabuseonsb.大罵某人

receiveabusivetreatment受到虐待單項(xiàng)填空

(1)Whatareyouworriedabout?

Thefactthatmanychildrenarestillbeing________.

A．managedB．a(chǎn)busedC．questionedD．foundedB2.stressn.壓力；重音v.加壓力于；使緊張Helaidparticularstressontheneedfordiscipline.他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律的重要性。(朗文P1979)

Shehasbeenunderalotofstresssincehermother"sillness.她自從母親病倒后一直憂心忡忡。(朗文P1979lay/put/placestresson把重點(diǎn)放在上；強(qiáng)調(diào)understress在壓力之下

underthestressof為所迫

inthestressofthemoment一時(shí)緊張

stresstheimportanceof強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要性單項(xiàng)填空

Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunder________.

A．stressB．weightC．loadD．strength3.banv.禁止；取締n.禁令

Doyouthinksmokingshouldbe_________你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該禁止吸煙嗎？(P17)

Aftertheaccident,hewasbannedfromdriving.事故發(fā)生后，他被禁止駕車。(朗文P110)Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre.劇場(chǎng)內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙。bebannedfromdoingsth.被禁止做某事therebeabanon...禁止；禁令declareabanon...宣布禁止putabanon禁止

removethebanon解除對(duì)的禁令underaban受禁止；被查禁4.quitv.停止(做某事)；離開

Iwasaddictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficultto____.Iwishyouwouldallquitcomplaining.我希望你們都別抱怨了。(朗文P1611)

Hewasgladtobequitofthetroublesomejob.

他很高興能擺脫那個(gè)麻煩的工作。(朗文P1611)quitdoingsth.停止做某事quitoffice/one"sjob離職

quitoneselfofsth.＝bequitofsth.擺脫某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事

giveupdoingsth.放棄/停止做某事getridof擺脫

ridoneselfof使自己擺脫

注意quit后接動(dòng)名詞，但不接不定式單項(xiàng)填空

(4)Hedecidedto________thepositionafterquarrelingwiththemanager.A．stopB．blockC．loosenD．quit5.effectn.結(jié)果；效力

WhenIwasyoung,Ididn"tknowmuchabouttheharmful_________ofsmoking.在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害我知道得并不多。(P18)Theadvertisingcampaigndidn"thavemucheffectonsales.廣告宣傳對(duì)銷售影響不大。(朗文P548)

TheoldsystemoftaxationwillremainineffectuntilnextMay.舊稅制在明年五月前仍然有效。(朗文P548)haveagood/badeffecton對(duì)……有好/壞的影響beofnoeffect沒效果；無用takeeffect(法律)生效；(藥)奏效bring/put...intoeffect實(shí)施come/gointoeffect生效

ineffect事實(shí)上；在實(shí)施；生效sideeffect副作用完成句子

Thenewmedicinequickly________(奏效)．

Whatateachersaysoften________(很有影響)juniorstudents.6.desperateadj.不顧一切的；絕望的

Ifyoufeel_________,youmightliketotalktoadoctororchemistaboutsomethingtohelpyou.如果你的確沒辦法，你還可以找一個(gè)醫(yī)生或藥劑師來談?wù)�，幫你想點(diǎn)辦法。(P19)Theyweresoldbyfamiliesdesperateformoneytobuyfood.它們是由極需錢來購買食品的家庭出售的。(雙解P551)bedesperatefor極需要；極向往bedesperatetodosth.非常想做某事dosth.desperately拼命地做某事

indesperation絕望地；不顧一切地；拼命地介詞填空

Havingbeenoutofworkforthreeyears,sheisdesperate________work.

Knowinghissonwaslockedintheburninghouse,hekickedthedoor________desperation.7.disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的

Donotbe_____________ifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)Shewasdeeplydisappointedabout/atlosingtherace.比賽輸了，她很沮喪。(朗文P484)

Iwasdisappointedtohearthattheyweren"tcoming.聽說他們不來我很失望。(朗文P484)

bedisappointedabout/at/in...對(duì)感到失望bedisappointedtodo做某事失望bedisappointedthat...感到失望bedisappointing令人失望的disappointsb.使某人失望

toone"sdisappointment令人失望的是adisappointment令人失望的人/事運(yùn)用上述詞匯完成下列情景

(9)Today,Iwentdowntownwithseveralofmygoodfriends.However,theweatherwasreally①__________becauseitwasraining.Itoldmyfriendsthatwewouldn"tbe②________.Arrivingatapark,wewere③________tofinditwasnotopentoday.Thenwelefttheparktoanearbyrestaurantforlunch.Toour④________，therestaurantwasclosed,too.Wehadnochoicebutgohome.Whata⑤________outingitwas!

【答案】①disappointing②disappointed③disappointed④disappointment⑤disappointing

8ashamedadj.感到慚愧；羞恥的

Ifyouweakenandhaveacigarette,donotfeel_________.如果你因意志削弱而又抽煙了，也不要覺得難為情。(P19)Barrywasashamedthathehadlosthistemper.巴里因自己發(fā)脾氣感到很慚愧。(朗文P88)Iwasashamedofhavingliedtomymother.我為自己向母親撒謊感到內(nèi)疚。(朗文P88)

beashamedthat...對(duì)感到羞恥；感到羞愧的是feel/beashamedof對(duì)感到慚愧feel/beashamedforsb.替某人感到羞愧beashamedtodosth.恥于做某事

beashamedofoneself為自己感到慚愧It"sashamethat...遺憾

Whatashamethat...多么遺憾

Shefelt________ofdoingthatandtearsrandownhercheeks.A．shameB．a(chǎn)shamedC．sorryD．disappointedB9.dueto由于

Theflightwascancelledduetothefog.航班因霧停飛。

Themeetingisn"tduetostartuntilthree.會(huì)議預(yù)定要到3點(diǎn)才開始。(朗文P584)

Haveyoubeenpaidthemoneythatisduetoyou?你得到應(yīng)得的錢了嗎？(朗文P584)beduetodosth.預(yù)期做某事bedueforsth.應(yīng)有；得到

bedueto(doing)sth./sb.歸因于(做)某事/某人

注意dueto表示原因時(shí)只用來作狀語或表語，不置于句首。

(Hereffortsledtohersuccesswhilehisfailure____________hislazinessandcarelessness.A．leadstoB．duetoC．ledtoD．wasduetoA10.be/becomeaddictedto對(duì)……有癮

DuringadolescenceIalsosmokedand_______________________________當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子時(shí)，我也吸煙，而且還上了癮。(P18)Itdoesn"ttakelongtobecomeaddictedtothesedrugs.服用這些毒品不用多久就會(huì)上癮。(朗文P17)Neveraddictyourselftosomuchonlinegames.千萬不要迷戀于如此多的網(wǎng)上游戲。addictoneselfto沉迷于；醉心于addictionto...對(duì)上癮；習(xí)慣于avideogameaddict游戲迷

注意beaddictedto中的to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。11.be/get/becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于……

Thismeansthatafterawhileyourbody______________________havingnicotineinit.這就是說，過一段時(shí)間以后，你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。(P18)I"mnotaccustomedtogettingupsoearly.我不習(xí)慣這么早起床。(朗文P14)

Ittookawhileformetoaccustommyselftoallthenewrulesandregulations.我花了一段時(shí)間才逐漸適應(yīng)了所有的新規(guī)章制度。(朗文P14)accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事be/get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事單項(xiàng)填空

(13)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.

Itdoesn"tmatter.I"maccustomedto________.

A．waitB．waitingC．bewaitingD．havewaited12.decideon對(duì)作出決定；選定

____________adaytoquit.確定一個(gè)開始戒煙的日子。(P19)I"meighteennowandIhavearighttodecidemyownfuture.我現(xiàn)在18歲了，有權(quán)決定自己的未來。(朗文P485)Whatwasitthatfinallydecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?是什么使你最終決定放棄那份工作的？(朗文P485)decidesth.決定某事

decidewhat/when/howtodo...決定什么/何時(shí)/如何做decide(not)todosth.決定(不)做某事decidesb.todosth.使某人決定做某事Itisdecidedthat...決定makeadecision作出決定

makeupone"smind(todo)決心(做某事)介、副詞填空

Theyhavedecided________thedateforthewedding.

Atlastshemade________hermindtotellherparentsthetruth.13.feellike(doing)想要(做)；感覺自己像

Everytimeyou__________smokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanonsmoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，你就提醒自己你已經(jīng)是不吸煙的人了Doyoufeellikeacupofcoffee?你想來一杯咖啡嗎？(朗文P624)

Idon"tfeelmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。feelsorryfor為感到難過、遺憾feelathome感到自在；不拘束feelbadlyabout對(duì)感覺難過feellikeoneself心情好；自覺健康feelasif...感覺好像、仿佛feelone"sway摸索著前進(jìn)

Youshouldmakeyourguestsfeel_at_______home.

Youmaynotfeel___like_____goingtobedonsuchabeautifulnight.14.inspiteof不顧；不管

______________allhiseffortshefailed.盡管他已經(jīng)竭盡全力，他還是失敗了。Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.

盡管下著雨，我們還是出去了。(朗文P1921)

Shelovedherhusbandinspiteofthefactthathedranktoomuch.雖然丈夫喝酒很兇，但她仍然愛著他。(朗文P1921)despite＝inspiteof盡管(后接名詞、代詞)

despite/inspiteofthefact...盡管，不管(同位語從句)regardlessof...不管，不顧

注意despite和inspiteof是介詞；而although和though是連詞，引導(dǎo)從句。__C______，shecametoschooltoattendtheimportantlecture.

A．ThoughbeingillB．AlthoughillnessC．InspiteofillnessD．Despitehewasill15.take/runarisk/risks冒險(xiǎn)

Wemuststoptherumours;thefirm"sreputationisatrisk.

我們必須制止這些謠傳，公司的名譽(yù)有受損的危險(xiǎn)。(朗文P1705)Therewassomeriskthatfirewouldbreakoutagain.大火有再次燒起來的危險(xiǎn)。(朗文P1705)atrisk處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)attheriskof冒的危險(xiǎn)atone"sownrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atallrisks無論冒什么危險(xiǎn)

run/taketheriskof冒的危險(xiǎn)riskit冒險(xiǎn)試一試

riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事

Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn"trisk________thegoodopportunity.A．toloseB．losingC．tobelostD．beinglost16.getinto陷入；染上(習(xí)慣)；開始對(duì)感興趣

Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnotto_getintothehabitinthefirstplace!當(dāng)然，解決吸毒問題的最佳方法就是首先不要染上這一習(xí)慣。I"msorryifIgotyouintotrouble.

如果我給你添了麻煩，我十分抱歉。(朗文P725)

Ourteacherisclever,butnotverygoodatgettinghisideasacrossgetintotrouble陷入困境

getintothehabitof染上的習(xí)慣getintopanic陷入恐慌

get(sth.)across(tosb.)(使某事)為人理解getalong/onwith進(jìn)展；相處getover克服

getaround/about四處走動(dòng)getthrough接通；完成getin收割；募集(捐款)單項(xiàng)填空

Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparents,butnowwe________fine.A．lookoutB．stayupC．carryonD．getalong

句型：

1.I_________sobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.我的確希望你把煙戒掉，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ�你能像我這樣活的健康長(zhǎng)壽。(P18)“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“的確；確實(shí)；真的”，用于肯定句和祈使句中，起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。Docomeearlytomorrowmorning.明天早晨一定要早來。

Themanagerdoesthinkhighlyofyoursuggestion.經(jīng)理確實(shí)很看重你的建議。

Ididtellthemonitorabouttheexactresultofthetest.

2.Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)

before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語，除了表示“在之前”以外，還可以表示“(之后)才；(不多久)

就；不等就”。多用于下列句型中：

Itwilltake/takes/tooksb.sometime＋before花費(fèi)時(shí)間才Itis/waslongbefore...過了時(shí)間才Itwon"tbelongbefore...不久就

Itwillbelong＋before...過多久才

Itwon"tbelongbeforeyourecoverfromtheillness.不用多久你就會(huì)痊愈。

Itwilltakethreeorfiveyearsbeforethecityisrebuilt.需要三至五年時(shí)間這個(gè)城市才能重建。單項(xiàng)填空

TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears________theNorthwonintheend.A．a(chǎn)fterB．beforeC．whenD．then

語法：

常用并列連詞

1.表示并列的連詞：and，aswellas，notonly...butalso，both...and，neither...nor。Theartistwasbornpoor,________poorheremainedallhislife.A．a(chǎn)ndB．orC．butD．so

【解析】前后句之間是并列關(guān)系，因而使用and連接。

2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞：but，while(而，然而)，whereas(而)，nevertheless(然而)。Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.

Thefirsttwoarefree________thethirdcostsD|S30.A．whileB．untilC．whenD．before

前后兩個(gè)分句之間是并列關(guān)系，表示對(duì)比意義“而，然而”，因而使用連詞while。3.表示因果的連詞：for，so，then；表示條件或結(jié)果的連詞：and，or等。

Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread，________hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A．thoughB．forC．butD．so

【解析】空格后部分用來解釋前一句的原因，因而使用連詞for。4.表示選擇的連詞：or，either...or，otherwise

Youhavefailedtwice.You"dbetterstartworkingharder,________youwon"tpassthecourse.A．a(chǎn)ndB．SoC．butD．or

【解析】祈使句與后面的陳述句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)立關(guān)系，因而用or。

IgrewupinAfrica,________atleastIshouldsaythatIspentmuchofthefirsttenyearsofmylifethere.

A．a(chǎn)ndB．orC．soD．but

根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)使用or表示選擇，意為“或者”。用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空

1．Onemoreweek,________wewillaccomplishthetask.

2．Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools,____________wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.

3．Don"tdrivetoofast,________youwillhaveanaccident.

4．TheywantedtochargeD|S5,000forthecar,________wemanagedtobringthepricedown.1．a(chǎn)nd2.for3.or4.but

Unit4詞匯：

1.phenomenonn.plphenomena現(xiàn)象Aneclipseofthemoonisararephenomenon.

Bankruptcyisacommonphenomenoninaneconomicrecession.2.glancevi.lookquicklyat(sb./sth.)n.aquicklookglanceat=takeaglanceat匆匆一看；掃視stareat盯著看；凝視

glareat瞪著眼看；怒目而視；怒視

Sheglancedshylyattheyoungfellowfrombehind.

Theystoodglaringateachotherasiftheywereenemies.

3.decreasevt.&vi.becomesmallerorfewer;diminish;reducedecrease/reduce…to/by…減小，降低到（了）；反義increaseStudentnumbershavedecreasedby/to500.Interestinthesportisdecreasing.4.existvi.存在

existencen.存在生存cameintoexistence產(chǎn)生Doeslifeexistonotherplanets?

Fewofthesemonkeysstillexistintheworld.

Pakistancameintoexistenceasanindependentcountryafterthewar.5..supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.for/tosb.提供/供應(yīng)某物給某人providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.

1)Theschoolsuppliesbooksfor/tothechildren.2)Weareheretoprovideaserviceforthepublic.6.compare…to…把……比作

compare…with…把……和……比較

comparedwith/to與……相比（在句中常作狀語）comparewith與某人/物相比

Peopleoftencomparechildrentoflowers.

Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youllfindhersisbetter.Comparedwith/tomanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunateThiscantcomparewiththat.

7.comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶然遇到comeout出版，（花）開Pleasetellmehowtheaccidentcameabout,Imstillinthedark.8.buildup樹立，逐步建立；增加；增進(jìn)（健康）；集結(jié)

builduponeshealth增進(jìn)健康buildupagoodreputation/fame樹立良好的聲譽(yù)；Trafficisbuildingup.車輛在增多

1)Thisbuiltupmyhopeaftertheinterview.

9.keeponsth/doingsth繼續(xù)/堅(jiān)持做某事表動(dòng)作的反復(fù)，有停頓keepdoingsth一直不斷地做某事表動(dòng)作的持續(xù)，無停頓

1)Thoughitwasraining,theykeptonworkinguntilitwasfinished.2)Ikeptstandinginthetrainalltheway.

.keep….from….stop….(from)….prevent…(from)….

Youshouldcleanyourroomtokeepitfromgettingdirty.你應(yīng)該打掃房間以保持干凈。Keepdoing繼續(xù)

keepout擋住使進(jìn)不去keepupwith跟上

Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo?你認(rèn)為溫室氣體有什么作用呢?10..onthewhole=inthemain=intheabstract大體上，基本上，總的來說asawhole總體上，作為一個(gè)整體看待Onthewhole,Iaminfavoroftheidea.

11.makeadifference有關(guān)系，有影響，有重要性

makesome/no/any/notmuch/agreatdealofdifference（to…）頗有/沒有/有些/沒有多大/有很大影響（關(guān)系）

Theraindidntmakemuchdifferencetothegame.

Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.

12.makesense(of)有道理；有意義；講得通；明白；是明智的1)Thissentencedoesntmakesense.2)Canyoumakesenseofthepoem?

3)Itmakessensetobuythemostup-to-dateversion.13.putupwith=stand=bear=standfor忍受，容忍1)Wehadtoputupwiththeinconvenience.10.solongas=aslongas只要；既然,由于

1)Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.

2)Solongasthereisademandforthesedrugs,thefinancialincentivefordrugdealerswillbethere.

14.uptoasmanyas多達(dá);uptill直到;勝任;正在干,從事著1)Icantakeuptofourinmycar.2)Uptonowhehasbeenveryquiet.3)Hesnotuptothejob.4)Whatssheupto?

15.consumev.----consumer(n.).1消耗,花費(fèi);耗盡

Sheconsumedmostofhertimeinreading.2吃完,喝光

Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子們一會(huì)兒功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。

3使全神貫注,使著迷+with

Theboywasconsumedwithcuriosity.那男孩充滿好奇心。16.as…asonecan=as…aspossible

Pleasecomehereassoonaspossible.=Pleasecomehereassoonasyoucan..asmanyas多達(dá)aslongas長(zhǎng)達(dá),只要asfaras遠(yuǎn)至,就…而論

aswellas和…一樣好,也,和asearlyas早在17.compare

compareto/with:與…相比

Comparedto/withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.compareAwithB：相比（不同）

Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youwillfindhersismuchbetter.compareAtoB：把A比作B

Poetshavecomparedsleeptodeath.

Ateacher"sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.

Comparedtotenyearsago,thecarbondioxidecontentoverthisdecadehasgoneuprapidly.Carbondioxideintheatmosphereiscomparedtotheglassofgreenhouse.Comparedwithissimilarto

Peopleoftencompareteacherstogardeners.人們經(jīng)常把老師比做園丁。Thatprobablydoesntsoundverymuchtoyouormebutitisarapidincrease.comparedtomostnaturalchanges與大多數(shù)的自然變化相比18.Thereisnodoubtthat….毫無疑問….Thereisnodoubtthathecancomeontime.

doubt的賓語從句,肯定句whether/if/that否定句thatHedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.Heneverdoubtedthattheywouldwinthegame.beyond/withoutdoubt無疑地Itishumanactivitythat…

原句：Myteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：Itwasmyteacherthatdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語Itwastheexperimentthatmyteacherdidinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語Itwasyesterdaymorningthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語Itwasinthelabthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentyesterdaymorningwithme.強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語Itwaswithmethatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorning.not…until…

Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.

ItwasuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIdidntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.(錯(cuò))ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(對(duì))強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句句型：Is/Was+被強(qiáng)大的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分？

特殊疑問句強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用陳述語序）例如：

DidhehelpyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?

WasithethathelpedyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?Whendidyoureceivethegift?

Whenwasitthatyoureceivedthegift?

19．Withoutthegreenhouseeffect，theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.如果沒有溫室效應(yīng)，地球會(huì)比現(xiàn)在冷33℃▲這是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句

=Iftherewereno“greenhouseeffect”,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.

Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity)，therewouldbenomodemindustry．要是沒有電，就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。

Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents；otherwisehewouldhavecome.他當(dāng)時(shí)正與他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論，否則的話他就來幫我們了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty．他昨天很累,不然他就參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)了。20.quantity

1)Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜歡閱讀,總是成批地買書。2)Heprefersqualitytoquantitywhenfoodisconcerned.在吃的方面，他重質(zhì)而不重量

3Alargequantityofair-conditionershasbeensoldsincethetemperaturebegantorise.自從氣溫升高，大量的空調(diào)已經(jīng)被賣出去了。

alargequantityof/largequantitiesof;大量的…，許多的…inquantity;成批地，大量地

alargequantityof/largequantitiesof之后接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。

注意:alargequantityof…作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。largequantitiesof…作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)

Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.

HugequantitiesofCO2areaddedtotheatmosphere.

Hugequantitiesoffossilfuelsareburnedtoproduceenergy.

Asaresultofburningfossilfuels,alargeofcarbondioxide___addedtotheatmosphere.A.number;isB.quantity;isC.number;areD.quantity;are

語法：

�？嫉膹�(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it引導(dǎo)的句子。

一、Itis(was)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語，賓語和狀語。

Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.

ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.

KarlboughtMarvaabicycleonherbirthday．卡爾在瑪瓦生日那天給她買了一輛自行車。ItwasKarlthat／whoboughtMarvaabicycleonherbirthday．（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）ItwasMarvaforwhomKarlboughtabicycleonherbirthday．（強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語）ItwasabicyclethatKarlboughtMarvaonherbirthday．（強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語）注意區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that／who分句與定語從句：

Itwasthestudentthat／whoaskedthesillyquestion．是一個(gè)學(xué)生問了這么一個(gè)愚蠢的問題。（分裂句）

Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion．他就是問了這么一個(gè)愚蠢問題的學(xué)生。（劃線部分是定語從句）

二、not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式:Itisnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...“直到…才…”，主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

WedidnotbeginstudyingFrenchuntilweentereduniversity．我們進(jìn)了大學(xué)才開始學(xué)法語。要強(qiáng)調(diào)untilweentereduniversity，就成了：

ItwasnotuntilweentereduniversitythatwebeganstudyingFrench．

______the18thcenturythatmanrealizedthatthewholeofthebrainwasinvolvedintheworkingsofthemind．

A.DuringB.InC.ItwasuntilD.Itwasnotuntil

D對(duì)。直到十八世紀(jì)，人們才意識(shí)到：心理活動(dòng)與整個(gè)大腦有關(guān)。三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句句型:

Is/Was+it+所強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who/whom+其它?2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句句型:

特殊疑問詞+is/wasitthat/who/whom+其它?

Whyisitthatyouhatewinter？你究竟為什么不喜歡冬天？

Howwasitthatyoumissedsuchawonderfullecture？你怎么會(huì)錯(cuò)過這么精彩的報(bào)告？Whenwasitthattheywentabroad？他們什么時(shí)候出國(guó)的？四、判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法

判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句是，可把Itis/was…that去掉，剩余部分在不增減任何詞的情況下還是一個(gè)完整的句子，那么這種句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.→InthestreetImetherfather.

Itwasbecauseshewasillthattheydidntaskhertodothejob.→Becauseshewasill,theydidntaskhertodothejob.

Unit5

1.appointv.任命；委派；約定；指定

IavolcanologistworkingfortheHawaiianVolcanoObservatorytwentyyearsago.

作為一名火山學(xué)家，20年前我被派到夏威夷火山觀測(cè)站工作。(P34)She"sappointedassalesdirector.她被任命為銷售部經(jīng)理。(朗文P66)

I"vebeenappointedtoruntheoverseassection.我被指派經(jīng)營(yíng)海外部。(朗文P66)

appointsb.tobe/as...任命/指派某人成為beappointedas/tobe...被任命/指派為appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事appointacommittee任命/組建一個(gè)委員會(huì)appointthedatefor...確定的日期byappointment按照約定

makeanappointment(with)與約會(huì)運(yùn)用上述詞匯完成下面的情景(1)Ihavegotthenewsthattheywill①________anewschoolsecretarytohelptheprinciple.Itissaidyourcousinwillbe②________thesecretary.Ihavemadean③________withhim.④________appointmentwewillmeetthisevening.

【答案】①appoint②appointedas③appointment④By2.match，fit，suit

match用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表品質(zhì)、顏色、設(shè)計(jì)等方面匹配，即表示“與相配，和一致”；fit既可用作及物動(dòng)詞也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合適，合身”；suit表示“適合”，強(qiáng)調(diào)衣服的顏色、式樣、質(zhì)地等適合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、條件和地位”等。Yourtiematchesyoursuitwell.你的領(lǐng)帶非常適合你的套裝。

Theafterschoolprogrammesuitstheneedsofmostofthechildren.課外活動(dòng)適合絕大多數(shù)孩子的需要。Noteveryshoefitseveryfoot.并非每只鞋都合腳。

Howabouteighto"clockoutsidethecinema?That________mefine.

A．fitsB．meetsC．satisfiesD．suits3.

unconsciousadj.失去知覺的；未察覺的

Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostesslyingunconsciousonthefloor,surroundedbyherguests.我急忙跑下樓梯，結(jié)果看到我主人躺在那里昏迷不醒，周圍是她的客人。(P37)Hewasn"tconsciousofhavingoffendedher.他沒有意識(shí)到已經(jīng)冒犯了她。(朗文P363)Shewasconsciousthathedislikedher.她意識(shí)到他不喜歡她。(文馨P397)beunconsciousof未覺察到；未意識(shí)到fall/becomeunconscious失去意識(shí)；不省人事becomeconscious清醒過來beconsciousof意識(shí)到beconsciousthat...意識(shí)到；覺察到

Shewasnot________ofthemanager"spresenceinthehall.A．a(chǎn)ccusedB．proudC．consciousD．valuable4.anxiousadj.憂慮的；不安的

Iwassoandcouldn"tmoveatfirst.我如此焦慮不安，開始時(shí)走不快。(P38)Helenisanxiousabouttravellingonherown.海倫對(duì)自己一個(gè)人出門旅行感到擔(dān)心。(朗文P67)

Shecausedherparentsgreatanxietybyrunningawayfromhome.她離家出走使父母非常憂慮。(文馨P77)beanxiousabout擔(dān)心；焦慮

beanxioustodosth.急切干某事；渴望做某事beanxiousthat...擔(dān)心beanxiousfor盼望；渴望anxietyabout/over對(duì)的擔(dān)心anxietyfor對(duì)的擔(dān)心

anxietytodosth.渴望干某事的急切心情；做的渴望

Theparentswillbe________unlesstheyknowthattheirchildrenaresafeandsound.A．eagerB．nervousC．a(chǎn)nxiousD．conscious5.panicv．/n.驚慌；恐慌

Ifeltverynervousandhadtoforcemyselfnotto_______.我感到很緊張，只好迫使自己不要恐慌。(P38)

Shegotintoarealpanicwhenshethoughtshe"dlosttheticket.她十分驚慌，以為自己已把入場(chǎng)券丟了。(朗文P1417)

ShoppersfledthestreetinpanicaftertwobombsexplodedincentralLondon.

兩枚炸彈在倫敦市中心爆炸之后，購物者們驚慌失措地逃離了那條街道。(朗文P1417)getintoapanic驚慌失措beinapanic處于恐慌，驚恐中inpanic驚慌地

panicsb.intodoingsth.使某人因驚慌而做某事panicover對(duì)感到驚慌inastateofpanic處于驚恐狀態(tài)

注意panic的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked；現(xiàn)在分詞是panicking。

Hearingamanfollowingher,she________andranasfastasshecould.A．fearedB．panickedC．a(chǎn)fraidD．frightened6.guaranteev.保證；擔(dān)保

Don"tforgettodropacoinintotheclearbluewaterto_____yourlovewillbeasdeepandlastingasthelakeitself.

別忘了投一枚硬幣到清澈的水中，以確保你們的愛情像湖水一樣深厚、持久。(P39)Evenifyoucompleteyourtraining,Ican"tguaranteeyouajob.即使你完成了培訓(xùn)，我也無法保證你能有工作。(朗文P868)Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保證工作會(huì)按時(shí)完成嗎？(朗文P868)guarantee(sb.)sth.保證(某人)某事物guaranteethat...保證、擔(dān)保guaranteetodo保證做；擔(dān)保做beguaranteedtodosth.肯定做某事beunderguarantee在保修期內(nèi)givesb.aguarantee(that)向某人保證Thereisnoguaranteeof.../that...不能保證

(7)Yourwatchwillberepairedfreeifit"sstill____________(在保修期內(nèi))．(8)Thecarclubcouldn"t________(保證滿足)thedemandsofallitsmembers.【答案】(7)underguarantee(8)guaranteetomeet7.makeone"sway前往；向前；慢慢成功

Itwasnoteasytowalkinthesesuits,butweslowly_____________totheedgeofthecraterandlookeddownintothered,boilingcentre.

穿著這些衣服走起路來實(shí)在不容易，但我們還是緩緩?fù)�火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。(P35)

Wemadeourwaydownthehilltowardsthetown.我們順著山坡往下朝城里行進(jìn)。(朗文P2247)Thecrowdsteppedasidetomakewayfortheriders.人群避到一旁，讓路給騎馬的人。(朗文P2247)feelone"sway摸索著前進(jìn)fight/pushone"sway推/擠著前進(jìn)

windone"sway蜿蜒前進(jìn)forceone"swayout/in擠出去/進(jìn)來loseone"sway迷路keepone"sway一直前進(jìn)makewayfor給讓路

Workhardwhileyoungandyouwill________.

A．makeitswayB．makeawayC．makeyourwayD．maketheway8.varyfrom...to由到不等

Theheightoftheland700metersabovesealevelover2,000metersandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.

這里地面的高度從海拔700米到201*米不等，是多種多樣稀有動(dòng)植物的生長(zhǎng)地。(P39)Teachingmethodsvarygreatlyfromschooltoschool.各個(gè)學(xué)校的教學(xué)方法大不相同。(朗文P2206)Hismoodseemstovaryaccordingtotheweather.他的情緒似乎隨天氣而變化。(朗文P2206)varyinsth.在方面不同；有差異varywith隨變化lackvariety缺乏多樣性

avarietyof＝varietiesof種種的；各種各樣的

注意varietyn．變化；多樣性；variedadj.種種的；多姿多彩的；variousadj.種種的(接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或作表語)。

(10)Wearetoldthatrooms________insizebutallhavetelevisionsandtelephone.A．changeB．turnC．varyD．different句型

1.I____________________backtosleepsuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.

我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。(P34)

句中beabouttodo...when...表示“正要這時(shí)”，when引導(dǎo)的從句有“突然”之意，還可以用于下列句型中：

bedoing...when；bejustabouttodo...when；beonthewayto...when；beonthepointofdoingsth....when；hadjustdone...whenIwasabouttogooutwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.我正要出門，這時(shí)有人敲門。

Hewaswalkinginthestreetwhenhecaughtsightofacarracingtowardshim.他正走在街上，突然看見一輛汽車朝他沖了過來。Hewasonthewayhomewhenastrangerstoppedhim.他正在回家的路上，這時(shí)有個(gè)陌生人攔住了他。

Shewasonthepointofjumpingoffthebuildingwhenapolicemancame.她正要跳樓，警察突然攔住了她。Ihadjustgonetobedwhenthetelephonerang.我剛上床睡覺，這時(shí)電話響了。

2._____itissaidthat___thisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthefatheroftheManchupeople.

據(jù)說，這個(gè)男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說服力。(P39)

句中It"ssaidthat...表示“據(jù)說”，可以替換為“Sb./Itissaidto...”，其中的不定式可以有多種形式(一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語態(tài))。

Itissaidthatanothertyphoonwillcomesoon.＝Anothertyphoonissaidtocomesoon.據(jù)說又要來臺(tái)風(fēng)了

ItissaidthathisfatherinlawhasbeeninfectedwithAIDS.＝HisfatherinlawissaidtohavebeeninfectedwithAIDS.據(jù)說他岳父感染了艾滋病。類似句型還有：

It"sreported/announced/supposed/hoped/believedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道/已宣布/大家認(rèn)為/大家希望/人們相信

Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat...已經(jīng)決定

Itissuggestedthat...有人建議(從句中用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略)Itmustberememberedthat...務(wù)必記住語法：

動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊用法

1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：不定式的一般式todo所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生；進(jìn)行式tobedoing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；完成式tohavedone所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。

ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110meterhurdlerace.

A．breakingB．havingbrokenC．tohavebrokenD．tobreak【解析】句中不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，因而使用不定式的完成時(shí)。

(201*天津)________theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.

A．CompetingB．HavingcompletedC．TohavecompletedD．Tocomplete

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格部分為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語；該動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，因而使用不定式的一般式。

2.不定式的語態(tài)：不定式的被動(dòng)式表示其邏輯主語是該不定式動(dòng)作的承受者。(201*安徽)Theplay________nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A．producedB．beingproduced

C．tobeproducedD．havingbeenproduced

【解析】空格部分作后置定語，且表示將來的動(dòng)作，邏輯主語和非謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因而使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

Thatnovelissaid________intoovertwelvelanguagesbytheendoflastyear.

A．tobetranslatedB．beingtranslatedC．havingbeentranslatedD．tohavebeentranslated【解析】邏輯主語novel與translate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句末時(shí)間狀語bytheendof暗示使用不定式的完成時(shí)。

3.不定式的省略：有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可用to來代替前面提到的不定式。如果在省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中有be，have，havebeen時(shí)，這些詞要保留。

I"llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?Notatall.________.

A．I"venotimeB．I"drathernotC．I"dbehappytoD．I"dlikeit【解析】I"dbehappyto＝I"dbehappytolookafteryourcat.(201*江蘇)What"sthematterwithDella?

Well,herparentswouldn"tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill________.A．hopestoB．hopessoC．hopesnotD．hopesfor

【解析】hopesto是省略形式，不定式符號(hào)后省略了“gototheparty”。

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