人教版高一英語必修一單元知識點總結(jié)

Unit1friendship目標(biāo)話題Friendsandfriendship同意和不同意Iagree.Yes,IthinksoSodoIMetoo.目標(biāo)功能ExactlyNoproblemSure.Certainly.Ofcourse.Allright.Noway.直接引語和間接引語:陳述句和疑問句1.陳述句“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary”saidAnne.目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2.一般疑問句“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksusThewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld目標(biāo)話題Englishlanguageanditsdevelopment語言交際困難Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Idon’tunderstand.目標(biāo)功能Couldyousaythatagain,please?Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.直接引語和間接引語:請求與命令“Lookatthisexample.”TheteachersaidtouaTheteachertoldustolookatthatexample.目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyouliketoseemyflat”sheaskedSheaskedmetoseeherflat.

Unit3traveljournal目標(biāo)話題Travlling,describingajourney1.討論未來的計劃Whenareyouleaving?Whereareyoustaying?Howareyougoingto?Howlongareyoustayingin….?目標(biāo)功能2.祝愿和告別Haveanice/goodtime!Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Takecarehavefun!Bestwishes.Sayhelloto……現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來Wherearewegoing?目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)Whenareweleaving?Whenarewecomingback?

Unit4earthquakes目標(biāo)話題Basicknowledgeaboutearthquakes.談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷Itwasterriblewhen……Itseemedasif…目標(biāo)功能Iremember……Ifelt……Nolongerafterthat……Luckily……定語從句目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系代詞that,which,whose,who,whom引導(dǎo)的從句.如:ThisisthegirlthatIteach.Unit5目標(biāo)話題Thequalitiesofagreatperson1.willingadj:desiringtodowhatiswanted;2.notobjectingeg.Theyarewillingtocome.eg.Heiswillingtodothejobwithoutpayment.’3.prisonn:buildingforconfiningpersonconvicted目標(biāo)功能oraccusedofacrimeeg.Hewassenttoprisonfordamagingpublicproperty.詞組beinprison在獄中，eg.Heisnowstillinprison.put/throwsbintoprison把某人投入監(jiān)獄Thetwonoblemenput/threwDr.Manetteintoprisonwithoutmercy.1.advisev:suggesteg.Weadvisedherthatshe(should)wait.這個詞跟suggest都表示建議之義，但要表示建議某人做某事只能用advisesbtodosth,不能用suggestsbtodosthadvise,suggest后接賓語從句時,要用虛擬語氣。目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)其名詞形式為advice,是一個不可數(shù)名詞,要表達(dá)一條建議只能說成apieceofadvice2.equaladj:thesameinnumber,quality,size,etceg.Everybodyhadanequalchance.beequalto，befitfor勝任eg.Heisnotequaltothejob

擴(kuò)展閱讀：高一英語必修一知識點總結(jié)(家教)

高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit1-2

☆重點句型☆

1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?詢問對方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe表示個人觀點的詞語

3.Ienjoyreading/I"mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的詞語4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列連詞的用法

5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)

6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+賓語+賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語

7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?帶連接副詞(或代詞)的不定式做賓補的用法☆重點詞匯☆1.especiallyv.特別地2.imaginev.想像

3.aloneadv./adj.單獨，孤獨的4.interestn.興趣

5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的6.desertedadj.拋棄的7.huntv.搜尋8.sharev.分享

9.carev.在乎，關(guān)心10.totaln.總數(shù)

11.majorityn.大多數(shù)12.survivev.生存，活下來13.adventuren.冒險14.scaredadj.嚇壞的15.admitv.承認(rèn)

16.whileconj.但是，而17.boringadj.令人厭煩的18.exceptprep.除之外19.qualityn.質(zhì)量

20.favouriteadj.最喜愛的☆重點短語☆1.befondof愛好

2.treatas把看作為

3.makefriendswith與交朋友

4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.與某人爭論某事5.huntfor尋找6.inorderto為了

7.sharewith與分享8.bringin引進(jìn)；賺錢

9.agreat/goodmany許多10.havedifficulty(in)doing做有困難11.endupwith以結(jié)束12.exceptfor除之外13.comeabout發(fā)生14.make(a)fire生火

15.makeyourselfathome別拘束16.themajorityof大多數(shù)17.dropsb.aline給某人寫短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本；竟然

20.havea(good)knowledgeof精通☆短語闖關(guān)☆

下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l.befond____喜歡，愛好of

2.hunt____搜索。追尋，尋找for3.into____為了order

4.care____擔(dān)心，關(guān)心about5.such____例如，諸如as

6.dropsba____給某人寫信(通常指寫短信)line7.makeoneselfat____別客氣home8.____total總共in

9.except____除了之外for10.stay____不睡，熬夜up11.____about發(fā)生come12.end____with以告終up13.bring____引進(jìn)，引來in

14.agreat____許許多多，極多many

15.be____對深感興趣，深深迷上into16.____theInternet上網(wǎng)surf

17.____classes逃學(xué)，逃課skip

18.get____聚會，相聚，聚集together19.beproud____為感到驕傲of20.keepan____on照看，注意eye21.becurious____對感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____開玩笑about24.____thenameof以名義in25.____thetime總是，一直all☆交際用語☆1.Ithink…

Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...

Myinterestsare...2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?

Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?

Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.

☆單詞聚焦☆

1.arguev.的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：argumentn.1.[C]爭論2.[U]討論．辯論3.[C]論據(jù)▲搭配：

①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.與某人爭論某事②arguefor/againststh.辯論贊成／反對某事

③arguethat...主張，認(rèn)為，爭辯說

④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.說服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“說服某人做／不做某事”還可表達(dá)為：talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.

⑤settletheargument解決爭端

▲友情提示：anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.為某事和某人而發(fā)生的爭執(zhí)

【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式細(xì)面條)fromplatetomouth.(201*全國卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目標(biāo)]argue名詞形式的詞義。

[答案與解析]Dargument的詞義是“爭辯，辯論”。2.comparev.的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：comparisonn.比較

▲搭配：①compare...to...比擬；比作②compare...with/to...將和相比較③comparenotes對筆記；交換意見

【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北)

A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目標(biāo)]compare的用法。

[答案與解析]D本句compare用在句首作狀語，并有“被比較”的意思。3.considerv.的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：considerationn.考慮，思考；體諒，顧及

▲搭配：①considerdoingsth.考慮做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...認(rèn)為／覺得某人③considerthat-clause認(rèn)為④takesthintoconsideration考慮⑤underconsideration在考慮中

【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

[考查目標(biāo)]consider的幾種常見用法。

[答案與解析]Cconsider本身是被動語態(tài)時，后接不定式的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空無一人的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的

(1)空無一人的adesertedstreet/area空無一人的街道，地區(qū)；Theofficewasquitedeserted.辦公室里空無一人。

(2)被遺棄的adesertedchild被遺棄的孩子(3)desert["dezot]n.沙漠

desert[dI"zo:t]vt.丟棄；遺棄

Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.

5.difficultyn.

(1)difficulty(通常作復(fù)數(shù))難事，難點，難題Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困難

thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困難

thereis(some)difficultywithsth.

dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困難地／輕而易舉地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?

【注意】

(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修飾(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜愛的；最喜愛的人或事物(1)adj.最喜愛的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.

(2)n.[C]最喜愛的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：funnyadj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的

▲搭配：

①makefunof取笑；嘲弄；開某人的玩笑

②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取樂，非認(rèn)真地，說／做著玩的③befulloffun很好玩

④havefunwithsb.和某人開一個玩笑

⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高興，玩得(很)開心

⑥It"s(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真開心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很開心

【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We"replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目標(biāo)]fun構(gòu)成的短語forfun的意思。

[答案與解析]C，forfun常在句中用作狀語，意思是“說／做著玩的”。8.imagine的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：①imaginationn.[C/U]想像，想像力，想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的

▲搭配：①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目標(biāo)]imagine的基本用法。

[答案與解析]Cimagine后接動詞的-ing形式，本句的Peter是這個動名詞的邏輯主語。9.interest的用法

interestvt.使感興趣n.興趣，愛好[U]利息；利潤Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他對政治極感興趣。/abroadinterest廣泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest極強(qiáng)的興趣

▲構(gòu)詞：①interesting令人感興趣的(事物)②interested(某人對某事)有興趣的

▲搭配：①interestsbinsth使某人注意，關(guān)心或參入某事；使某人對某事感興趣②beinterestedin對感興趣(關(guān)心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.對某方面有興趣(關(guān)心)；在中有股份、權(quán)益等④holdone"sinterest吸引住某人的興趣⑤intheinterest(s)of為利益；為起見；對有利⑥loseinterestin對不再感興趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.對表示關(guān)心(有興趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin對不(不太)感興趣⑨withinterest有興趣地，津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培養(yǎng)／有興趣?loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.對某方面失去興趣

有時interest可與不定冠詞連用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.

另外：interest作“愛好”解時，是可數(shù)名詞。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全國卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged

[考查目標(biāo)]interest派生詞的詞義和用法。

[答案與解析]Ainterested指(出版商)對這件事有興趣。10.prove的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：①proofn.證據(jù)。試驗，考驗，(印刷)校樣

▲搭配：①provesthtosb向某人證實②provetosbthat從句向某人證實③prove(oneself)tobe證明(自己)是，表現(xiàn)出

【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05長春模擬)

A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed

[考查目標(biāo)]考查prove的意思。

[答案與解析]A本題wasproved的意思是“得到證實”，有被動意味。

11.provide的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：①providern.供給者，供應(yīng)者，養(yǎng)家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配：providesbwithsth/sthtosb給提供；以裝備

【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred

[考查目標(biāo)]考查provide的詞義。

[答案與解析]Aprovide與with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。

12.share的用法▲搭配：①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分擔(dān)、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...將某物分配、分給③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦④shareone"sopinion同意某人的意見

【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto____.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查在語境中選擇動詞的能力。

[答案與解析]D四個選項的含義分別為：support支持；care在意，關(guān)心；spare擠出(時間)，勻出某物；share分享，分擔(dān)，與某人合用。根據(jù)語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學(xué)會與人共享把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩，share在此意為“合用玩具”，解此題的關(guān)鍵是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D為最佳答案。13.solve的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：solutionn.1.[C](問題的)解答；(困難的)解決方法2.[U]解答，解決3.[U]溶解▲搭配：thesolutionto解決的辦法

【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(201*北京春招)

A.withB.intoC.forD.to

[考查目標(biāo)]solve名詞solution的相關(guān)搭配。[答案與解析]D“對于的解決辦法”，介詞用to。

14.totaln./adj.全部(的)

(1)intotal加起來Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof總共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...的總數(shù)Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj.

when并列連詞，=andthen，表示“就在那時，突然”，常見以下句型中：

(1)bedoing...when...正在做突然Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor"sshop.

(2)haddone...when...剛做了突然Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...剛要做突然Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.

16.whileconj.

(1)while從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句動詞用延續(xù)性動詞，主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.

(2)并列連詞，表前后兩個分句意義相反或相對，意為“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven"tenough.

(3)放在句首，表示“盡管；雖然”，相當(dāng)于although。Whilewedon"tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.

[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)

1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)

3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan"tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)

5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)

6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)

7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【詞語比較】1.especially,specially

especiallyadv.特殊地；尤其是

(1)側(cè)重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英語)

(2)especially后可接介詞短語或從句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially側(cè)重特意地、專門地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore

boringadj.令人厭煩的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厭煩的I"mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厭煩Thisbookboresme.

有些表示情感的及物動詞，有與bore類似的用法。如：interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry這類詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，為“令人”；過去分詞形式，為“感到”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides

表示“除了”的詞或短語有：except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了之外。沒有”，二者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等詞后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher"saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)

(2)besides除之外，還，有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English與otherlanguages都屬于know的范圍)

(3)exceptfor只不過，整體肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同類事物，for表示細(xì)節(jié)上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout

(1)know用作動詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認(rèn)識，熟悉”。Idon"tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.

(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說到或從書報上看到，二者沒有什么區(qū)別。5.forexample;suchas

(1)forexample“例如”，用來舉例說明某一論點或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替換。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.(2)suchas“例如”，用來列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.

[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用thatis或namely。☆短語歸納☆1.含all的短語

1)firstofall首先(強(qiáng)調(diào)順序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)總共3)afterall畢竟，終究4)atall到底，根本

5)aboveall最重要的是(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不，一點也不7)allthetime始終，一直

8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)allright行，可以

10)allatonce立劉，馬上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍及

13)allalone獨個兒，獨立地14)allbut幾乎，差一點15)allinall總的說來

16)alltogether一道，同時，總共17)forall盡管

[例句]Iwokeupanddidn"thearhimatall.我醒了，一點兒也沒有聽到他說話。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/Youshouldn"tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪他，畢竟，她只有五歲。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要許多東西，最重要的是，需要愛。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道這事。

【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肅、青海)

A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查四個短語的用法。

[答案與解析]Aafterall意為“畢竟．終究”；asaresult意為“結(jié)果”；inotherwords意為“換句話說”；asusual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是：雖然人們對她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因為她畢竟是一個偉大的音樂家。

【考例】I"dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建)

A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall

[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查all構(gòu)成的四個短語。[答案與解析]Binall意為“總共”；aboveall意為“最重要的是”；afterall意為“畢竟”；atall意為“到底”。本句話意思是：我想買一個房子，現(xiàn)代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一個安靜的地區(qū)。2.atall

(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然”I"msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否定句中，“一點也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑問句中，“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在條件句中，“真的，確實”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容詞+介詞”的短語1)begoodat擅長于

2)beinterestedin對感興趣

3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith對滿意4)befamousfor因而出名5)bekind/goodto對好6)belostin沉湎于

7)beactivein在某方面積極8)besureabout/of確信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充滿11)befilledwith充滿

12)bemadeof/from由組成13)begenerousto對慷慨14)bepopularwith受歡迎15)beconfidentof確信16)befondof喜歡，喜愛

17)beangrywith/at對發(fā)脾氣18)belatefor遲到

19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat對感到驚訝20)bebusydoing忙著做

21)beexcitedabout對感到興奮22)beworriedabout擔(dān)心23)beusedfor/as用于

24)becuriousabout對好奇

[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林確信自己有能力做這活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他對誰花錢都很慷慨，結(jié)果沒有攢到多少錢。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在幫助窮人方面，她很熱心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lostinthought,hedidn"trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中，沒有意識到我進(jìn)來了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn"tknowwhattodo.看到這一幕我非常驚訝，不知道該做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三學(xué)生在忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的期末考試�！究祭齦】(201*重慶)

--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.

A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目標(biāo)]同定搭配中介詞的選擇。

[答案與解析]Abeslowin意為“在方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，bepatientwith意為“對有耐心”。

4.endupwith...以結(jié)束

(1)endupwith+n.以結(jié)束

ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.

(2)endupas...最后成為Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.

(3)endup+地點狀語最后(有結(jié)局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you"llend(up)inhospital.

5.“make+名詞”短語①makeanoise吵鬧

②makefaces做鬼臉，做苦臉③makeroomfor給騰出地方④makethebed整理床鋪⑤makephonecalls打電話⑥makefriendswith交朋友⑦makemoney賺錢

⑧makeuseof利用

⑨makeadecision做出決定⑩makeamistake犯錯誤

[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老師轉(zhuǎn)身時，男孩朝老師做了個鬼臉。

Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優(yōu)秀廚師。

Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.為了給更重要的人物騰出

地方，他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。

【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(201*北京春招)

A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目標(biāo)]主要考查make短語。

[答案與解析]Amakeout意為“領(lǐng)悟、弄明白、發(fā)現(xiàn)真相”makeoff意為“連忙跑掉”；makeup意為“彌補、打扮、組成”；makeover意為“轉(zhuǎn)讓、改造”。因為受到迷惑，所以應(yīng)該是試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)真相�！究祭�】

--Whenshallwestart?

--Let"s____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(201*北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查make短語。

[答案與解析]Cmakeit“規(guī)定時間”為固定短語。本句話意思是“把出發(fā)的時間定在8點半”。set意思是“對時間”、“調(diào)時間”。6.makefire點火

有以下fire(n.)短語:beonfire著火了(表示狀態(tài))/catchfire燃著；著火(表示動作)/playwithfire玩火；干冒險的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火燒/make(a)fire點火；生火/start(cause)afire引起火災(zāi)

[注意]fire作“火災(zāi)”“一堆火”解時，為可數(shù)名詞。7.agreat/goodmany許多

(1)agreat/goodmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，中間無“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one"s+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.

8.makeyourselfathome別拘束

(1)makeyourselfathome別拘束(主人對客人說的委婉語)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.

(2)(all)byoneself獨自(沒有別人幫助)Youcan"tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.

(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高興Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou"respendingyourholidayinHawaii.

(4)foroneself親自;為自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.

(5)ofoneself自動地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.(6)beoneself身體或情緒好Iamnotmyselftoday.

(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.隨便Pleasehelpyourselftothefish．(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.

(9)cometooneself蘇醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下說的話Allthisisbetweenourselves.

9.themajorityof...大多數(shù)的

(1)a/themajorityof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。themajority單獨作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.

(2)byamajorityof+數(shù)字，以超過票的多數(shù)Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.

10.treatas把看做Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比較】表示“認(rèn)為”的短語還有：

regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…

lookon/upon…as…take…for…

[注意]在consideras短語中as可省略，其他短語中不可。

[牛刀小試2]

1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious

2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;cared

C.to;devotedD.on;affected

3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.

A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn"tdoagoodjob.

--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.

A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall

5.Sincewecan"tfindabiggerapartment,we"llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)

【句型歸納】

1.Idon"tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜歡唱歌，也不喜歡電腦。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.搖滾音樂還可以，滑雪也行。

這兩句中nor與so用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Idon"tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，也不關(guān)心。so的常見句型有：

(1)so+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語(意為“主語也”)

(2)neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語(意為“主語也不”)

(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意為“主語也”)(用在前文有兩個或以上的從句，而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動詞義有行為動詞的情況)

(4)so+主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞(意為“主講確實如此”)，表示進(jìn)一步肯定。(5)主語+did+so(意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。

【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(201*全國III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn"ttooD.nordoesJohn

[考查目標(biāo)]nor表示“也不”引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

[答案與解析]D由never可以判斷該句為否定句�？崭裉幘湟鉃椤凹s翰也沒讀書”。nor,so,neither可引起倒裝句。

2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是個生意人，他總是那么忙，幾乎沒有時間和朋友在一起。

該句中so...that...和such...that...都能連接結(jié)果狀講從句，但要注意詞序不同。例如：Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常見句型：

(1)such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(2)such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(3)such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+thatclause

(4)so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(5)so+形容詞/副詞+thatclause

(6)so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+thatclause

注意：①當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量“少”而表示“小”的意思時，仍然要用such。②當(dāng)so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首時，主句需要倒裝。

【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(201*上海)

A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel

[考查目標(biāo)]so+adj.位于句首時，主句倒裝。

[答案與解析]DA、C語序不對，排除。B時態(tài)不對。

3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天，查克在飛越太平洋時．他的飛機(jī)突然墜毀了。該句中的“when”表示“正在這時”，相當(dāng)于andjust或andatthattime.這時不能用while/as替換。

常見句型：(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...

【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目標(biāo)]"when"作連詞，表示“正在這時”。

[答案與解析]A意為“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴風(fēng)雨來了�！敝挥衱hen才能用于這種句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不學(xué)會收集淡水．尋找食物，生火什么的。

該句中的“howItocollect...”為動詞不定式短語作賓語。例如：Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑問詞which,what,how,when,where等與小定式構(gòu)成不定式短語。

【考例】I"veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET201*)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目標(biāo)]whattodosth不定式短語作賓語。[答案與解析]B該句需要填非謂語動詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么�！盋不表示進(jìn)行，排除C。

5.Inordertosurvive,ChuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriendavolleyballhecalledWilson.為了生存下去，查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼，查克叫他威爾森。

1.該句中的"inorderto"，意思為“為了，以便”，作目的狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結(jié)構(gòu)：todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause

注意：(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句與從句的主語一致時，四個結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞常與can,could,may,might等情態(tài)動詞連用。

【考例】(201*北京)I"dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目標(biāo)]目的狀語。

[答案與解析]Dassoonas“一就”；asaresult“結(jié)果是”；incase“萬一”；sothat“以便，為的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時間喝杯茶”。2.該句子中volleyball是作同位語。例如：Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.

注意：這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。

【考例】(NMET201*)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目標(biāo)]one作同位語，指代amoment。

[答案與解析]Bthat不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，排除A；if不能作同位語，排除C；what既不能引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，也不能作同位語。可以填which，這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。

6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.長期以來，美國英語保持不變，但英國英語變化了。1.該句中的“while"用作并列連詞．表示前后對比，意為“然而”�！皐hile"充當(dāng)連詞，還能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。意為“duringthetimethat”；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“although”。2.該句中的"stay"為系動詞。后接表語(thesame)。除了stay外，常見的系動詞還有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。

【考例】(NMET201*)Whydon"tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.

A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目標(biāo)]系動詞的用法。

[答案與解析]B系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，一般不用進(jìn)行

時態(tài)，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系動詞表示狀態(tài)。7.forthefirsttime第一次

(1)forthefirsttime第一次，后面不加從句，在句中作狀語TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.

(2)thefirsttime名詞短語，在從句中充當(dāng)連詞，后接時間狀語從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.(3)It"s/Thisisthefirsttimethat+從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時)這是的第一次It"sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...?是什么?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法：

(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/Itwas(過去時間)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who(專指人)+其他部分

(2)用法：除了謂語動詞不能強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子的每部分均可強(qiáng)調(diào)。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.

主語賓語地點狀語時間狀語

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點狀語：ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語：ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意點：

一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)凋句：

Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?

notuntil用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.

[牛刀小試3]

1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(201*廣西)

A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldI

C.SamewithmeD.SodoI

2.Wecan"timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.

A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so

3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.

A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once

4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET201*)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit

5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.(201*天津)

A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)

【交際速成】

1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.談?wù)撓矚g和不喜歡--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03東北三校)

A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,please

C.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot

[答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對事物喜好”的表達(dá)及應(yīng)答。A項不禮貌，B、D兩項屬漢語習(xí)慣，C項符合此時英語語境。

【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)喜歡和不喜歡態(tài)度的用語有：(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.

(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.

(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.

(6)I"minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.

(9)Idon"tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon"tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I"mnotintoclassicmusic.

(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉

--I"msorryI"mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.(201*北京春招)

A.ThisisB.You"reC.That"sD.I"m

[答案與解析]C本題主要考查英語中道歉及應(yīng)答用語。A、B、D三項不符合交際英語的習(xí)慣，故C項正確。

【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有：

(1)I"mverysorry.Ididn"tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I"mterriblysorryaboutthat.

(3)I"mafraidI"vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.應(yīng)答表達(dá)有：(1)That"s/It"sallright.(2)That"s/It"sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn"tmatter.(5)It"snothing.(6)Forgetit.

(7)Don"tworryaboutthat.

(8)Don"tmentionit.

3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication談?wù)撜Z言交際困難--I"msorry.Ican"tcatchyou.____--OK,it"sBLACK.

A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon"tunderstandyou．

C.What"sthemeaningofthisword?D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?

[答案與解析]D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch在整個語境中是“聽見，聽清”的意思，A項錯誤理解了catch在此處的意思，B、C兩項語義不連貫，故正確答案是D�！練w納】英語中常見的談?wù)撜Z言交際困難的用語有：(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican"tfollowyou.

(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish."?

(5)Idon"tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon"tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I"msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.

(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?

(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小試4]

1.--____Ididn"thearyouclearly.It"stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?

--____.Butanyhow,it"sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially

3.--I"msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It"sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It"syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.

A.Ididn"tmeanitB.Ididn"tmeantoC.Idon"tmeanitD.Idon"tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I"mtiredofit.

A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)

【精典題例】

1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.

--____,and____.

A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyou

C.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave【解析】選A答句中的he指David，不倒裝�！癝ohaveyou”意為“你也一樣(取得了進(jìn)步)”。2.Little____whatothersthink.

A.doeshecareaboutB.careheaboutC.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe【解析】選Alittle為否定副詞，置于句首時，句子使用部分倒裝。

3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.

A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played

【解析】選Cwhatheenjoys為主語從句，謂語動詞為be，表語為playingfootball。不要誤以為playing是enjoy的賓語而誤選A。

4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.A.unexpectingB.disappointing

C.disappointedD.interesting【解析】選B聯(lián)系語境，所有在場的婦女都哭了，因此為disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when【解析】選D"when"表示“就在這時，突然”。6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】選Afrightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感到害怕”。

7.Inour____life,Englishis____used.A.everyday;wideB.everyday;widely

C.everyday;wideD.everyday;widely【解析】選Beveryday“日常的，每天的”；widely“廣泛地”。8.--Hello,Mary.I"vegotagirlfriend.--What"sshelike?--____.

A.Idon"tknowB.She"slikehermother,notfatherC.ShelikesmusicD.Nothad!Quitepretty

【解析】選D表外表給人的印象。

9.Thefire____forhalfanhourbeforethefirefightersarrived.A.hadputoutB.wasputoutC.hadbeenoutD.hadbrokenout【解析】選Cbeout"火熄滅”，表示狀態(tài)。

10.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheland____equallyamongthepeasants.A.besharedB.shouldbespared

C.savedD.bespent

【解析】選Asuggest后用虛擬語氣。beshared前可省略should。

11.Shetook____inphysicsandread____onthesubject.A.interest;asbooksmanyasshecouldB.aninterest;asmanybooksasshecouldC.interested;asmanybooksasshecan

D.interests;asbooksasshecould

【解析】選B根據(jù)短語搭配和時態(tài)一致可知。12.--How"stheyoungman?--____.A.He"stwentyB.He"sadoctorC.HeismuchbetterD.He"sDavid【解析】選Chowissb.“某人身體如何”。

13.LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell.Clare,youmustlearnto____.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share【解析】選Dshare“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(時間)。節(jié)余”。14.Thenewdresslookswonderfulonyou____thecollar.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.exceptfor【解析】選D“美中不足的是領(lǐng)子”，表示部分修正。15.--Whataboutyourclassmate,Susan?

--Ourteacher____heragoodandcleverstudent.A.regardsB.believesC.suggestsD.considers

【解析】選Dconsideras“認(rèn)為是”，as可省略。

高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit3-4☆重點句型☆

1.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,...youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法

2.Say"Hi"/"Hello"/"Thanks"tosb.(forme)問候的句型3.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?進(jìn)行時表將來

4.Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)

5.Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow...unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if...not

6.Bystayingat...,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的狀語從句

7.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn"tmove.結(jié)果狀語從句8.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.過去分詞作狀語

9.Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語10.However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidn"ttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法☆重點詞匯☆

1.meansn.方法；途徑2.experiencen.經(jīng)驗3.equipmentn.設(shè)備4.successfuladj.成功的5.protectv.保護(hù)6.handlev.處理7.considerv.考慮8.benefitn.利益9.particularadj.特別的10.effectn.效果11.combinev.合并

12.unforgettableadj.不會忘記的13.advancev.前進(jìn)14.seizev.抓住15.strugglev.奮斗16.fearv.&n.害怕17.strikev.敲打18.destroyv.毀掉19.publishv.出版

20.naughtyadj.調(diào)皮的☆重點短語☆

1.getawayfrom逃離

2.watch/lookout注意，當(dāng)心

3.goforahike/gohiking去徒步旅游4.aswith正如一樣5.seeoff為某人送行

6.ontheotherhand在另一方面7.takecareof照顧

8.getclose/nearto接近，湊近9.treeaftertree一棵又一棵的樹10.aswallas也，和一樣(好)

11.protectfrom保護(hù)不受的傷害12.besurprisedat因而吃驚

13.becaught/trapped/struckin被困住14.takeplace發(fā)生

15.gothrough通過，經(jīng)過；經(jīng)歷(痛苦的事)16.beupon臨近，逼近17.holdonto緊緊抓住

18.referto提到，說到；查詢(信息)

19.lookinto注視的內(nèi)部；檢查，調(diào)查20.forfearof(doing)sth.惟恐☆短語闖關(guān)☆

下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)．做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?l.get____from逃離away

2.watch____注意，當(dāng)心out

3.protectsb/sth____保護(hù)／保衛(wèi)某人(某事物)from4.seesb____到火車站、飛機(jī)場等某處為某人送行off5.ontheother____另一方面hand6.as____as也，還，而且well7.____place發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生take8.____fire失火on

9.pullsb____把往上拽up

10.get____one"sfeet站立起來；站起身來on11.go____通過，經(jīng)受。仔細(xì)檢查through12.____holiday在度假on

13.travel____旅行社代理人agent14.be____逼近，臨近upon

15.____exercise進(jìn)行體育鍛煉take16.____"Hi"tosbfor/fromsb代某人向某人問候say17.come____with提出up18.go____ahike去遠(yuǎn)足for

19.becaught____受困于，陷于in20.____asecond馬上，一會兒in21.look____往里面看，調(diào)查into22.refer____提到．涉及；參考to23.hold____抓住，握住onto24.sweep____沖走，刮走away25.sweep____沖倒，吹倒down☆交際用語☆

1.Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?2.Howwouldyouliketogoto...?3.Haveanice/pleasanttrip!4.Well,Imustbeoff.5.It"sallright．6.I"mafraid.7.Comeon!8.Itscaresme.

9.Don"tworry.

10.First...,next...,then...,finally...

☆單詞聚焦☆1.advance的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：advancedadj.高等的．先進(jìn)的，高深的▲搭配：

①inadvance在前頭，預(yù)先，事先

②inadvanceof在前面；比進(jìn)步；超過

③ontheadvance(物價)在上漲

【考例】ItissaidthatMissWhitehadsomedifficultyinstudyingthe____maths.A.improvedB.developedC.advancedD.increased

[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。

[答案與解析]C“高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advancedmaths，advanced意思是“先進(jìn)的。高級的”。

2.before的特殊用法

(1)HehadrunoutoftheroombeforeIcouldstophim.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。

(2)ThreeweekswentbybeforeWeknewit.三周過去了，我們才意識到。(或：時間不知不覺已過三周了。)

(3)Itwasn"t/didn"ttakelongbeforehereturned.他沒過多久就回來了。Itwon"tbelongbeforewegraduate.不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。3.chance的用法

▲搭配：

①byanychance萬一，碰巧，或許②bychance偶然，意外地③takea/one"schance冒一冒險，碰碰運氣，利用一下機(jī)會

【考例6】(201*南京模擬)Mostofthe___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.

A.workB.luckC.chancesD.services[考查目標(biāo)]chance的詞義。

[答案與解析]Cchance在本句的詞義是“機(jī)會”。4.considerv.

(1)考慮

A)consider+n./doingIconsidergoingabroad.B)consider+疑問詞+todoYouhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.(2)認(rèn)為

A)consider+n.(+as/tobe)+n./adj.

IconsiderMaryas/tobemybestfriend.

TheyconsideredParisthebrainandheartofthecountry.B)consider+n.+tohavedone

Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.

除了consideras表認(rèn)為外，還有regardas，lookonas，takeas，thinkofas5.cost的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：costlyadj.昂貴的，貴重的▲搭配：

①costsb.sth.花費某人(多少錢)；讓某人付出(代價)／犧牲②atallcosts不惜任何代價．無論如何③atanycost不惜任何代價，無論如何④atcost(price)按成本價格，按原價

⑤atthecostof以為代價，用換來的；喪失；犧牲

【考例】Theywonderedhowmuchthiskindofcarwould____them.A.payB.spendC.costD.waste[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查cost和它的幾個近義詞的區(qū)別。[答案與解析]Ccost的意思是“耗費”，主語是指物的名詞．而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。6.effectn.效果；作用

haveaneffectonsth.

Hiswordshadagreatpushingeffectonhisstudents.(1)beofnoeffect無效

(2)comeintoeffect開始生效；開始實行

[比較]affectvt.影響Theclimateaffectedtheamountoftherainfall.7.experience的用法

▲構(gòu)詞:experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗的，熟練的▲搭配:

①byexperience憑經(jīng)驗；從經(jīng)驗中②fromexperience憑經(jīng)驗；從經(jīng)驗中③gainexperiencein獲得經(jīng)驗

④beexperiencedin某方面有經(jīng)驗

▲友情提示:experience這個詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時，解釋為“經(jīng)歷”，作為不可數(shù)名詞用時解釋為“經(jīng)驗”。

【考例】(201*山西模擬)____teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasilyformed.

A.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents

[考查目標(biāo)]experience的意思。

[答案與解析]Cexperience常為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“經(jīng)驗”。8.fearn.&vt.

(1)n.恐懼(多作不可數(shù)名詞)Hisfacewasgrowingpalewithfear.憂慮；擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù))

Thereisnoreasonforyourfears.

forfearof由于怕，以防

Heleftanhourearlierforfearofmissinghistrain.forfear(that)惟恐；怕的是；以防

Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.infearof害怕；擔(dān)心

Thethiefwasinfearofthepolice.(2)v.恐懼；害怕，接n./pron.Catsfearbigdogs.恐懼；害怕，接todo

Don"tfeartotellthetruth.恐怕；擔(dān)心，接從句

Shefearedthatshemightnotfindhiminhisroom.

▲構(gòu)詞：fearfuladj.可怕的，嚴(yán)重的；懼怕的，膽怯的；擔(dān)心的，憂慮的fearlessadj.不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無畏的▲搭配：

①beinfear(of)(為而)提心吊膽

②forfearof因為怕；以免，怕的是

③forfearthat-clause生怕；為了防止(某事發(fā)生)④haveafearthat-clause擔(dān)心／怕(發(fā)生某事)⑤withfear嚇得，怕得

⑥fear(vi.)for...擔(dān)心／憂慮

【考例】(201*江蘇)Hegottothestationearly,____missinghistrain.A.incaseofB.insteadof

C.forfearofD.insearch

[考查目標(biāo)]fear構(gòu)成的短語的用法和意思。

[答案與解析]Cforfearof常在句中作狀語，意思是“怕的是。擔(dān)心”。9.funn.高興；樂趣；有趣的人或事(1)forfun為了高興；為著好玩Ionlydiditforfun.

(2)makefunof開的玩笑；取笑Itiswrongtomakefunofacripple.

[比較]

(1)laughat笑(某人)；嘲笑

It"sunkindtolaughatapersonwhoisintrouble.(2)playajokeon開(某人的)玩笑10.meansn.手段；辦法

(1)bymeansof用；依靠

Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.

(2)byallmeans一定；務(wù)必；(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒問題：務(wù)必，無論如何，千方百計地

Trybyall/everymeanstopersuadehimtocome.(3)bynomeans完全不是；一點也不；決不

Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.

還有：bythismeans用這種方法；byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET1991)Studentssometimessupportthem-selvesby____ofeveningjob.A.waysB.offersC.meansD．helps[考查目標(biāo)]bymeansof短語的意思。

[答案與解析]Cbymeansof的意思是“通過某種手段”。11.normaladj.正常的；正規(guī)的thenormaltemperature,normalbehavior(1)regular規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的

keepregularhours生活有規(guī)律；按時作息(2)common普通的；常見的

TomisacommonnameinBritain.共有的；共同的haveacommoninterest有著共同愛好(3)usual慣常的；慣例的

It"susualwithhimtogototheofficeonfoot.(4)ordinary平凡的；普通的inordinarydress12.once的用法▲搭配：

①allatonce突然；同時②atonce立刻，馬上；同時

③(every)onceinawhile偶爾，有時，間或

④forthisonce(=foronce，justforonce)就這一次；破例一回⑤morethanonce不止一次，多次⑥notonce一次也不⑦onceagain/more再一次

⑧onceandagain一再，再三

⑨onceortwice一兩次；有時，偶爾⑩oncetoooften又(多了)一次?onceuponatime從前

【考例】(201*上海)____wehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningincreasesthelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless[考查目標(biāo)]連詞once的用法和詞義。

[答案與解析]Bonce在作連詞使用時意思是“一旦”。13.preferv.寧愿；更喜歡(1)prefer+n./pron.

Theboypreferredadetectivestory.(2)prefer+v.-ing

Doyoupreferlivingabroad?

(3)prefer+todo

Shepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.(4)prefersb.todosth.

Shepreferredhimtostayathome.

(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜歡而不喜歡Ipreferthetowntothecountry./Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.

(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...寧愿而不愿Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.

(7)prefer+從句(謂語動詞用shoulddo，should可省略)Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.14.protect的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：protectionn.保護(hù)(者/物)，防御

▲搭配：protectsbfrom/against防止遭受；使免于，保護(hù)使不受【考例】(MET1992)Clarkewasgreatlyadmiredattheclubforthesuccessful____.A.self-satisfactionB.self-protectionC.self-respectD.self-service[考查目標(biāo)]protect及其派生詞的詞義。

[答案與解析]Bself-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護(hù)”。15.separate的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：separationn.[U]分開，分離

▲搭配：

①separateAfromB把A和B分開

②AisseparatedfromBbyA和B為所分開／阻隔③separatesth(up)into把分成(幾分)

▲辨析：separate;divide;part都含“分開”的意思。

separate指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如:Separatethosetwoboyswhoarefighting,willyou?(你)把那兩個打架的孩子拉開，好嗎?

divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”，還有“分手”之意�！究祭�】(NMET201*)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed[考查目標(biāo)]動詞separate的詞義。

[答案與解析]Aseparated和get搭配有被動意義，表示“被隔開；被分隔”。[牛刀小試1]

用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(advance,means,cost,protect,fear,separate)1.Theteacherimprovedthestudents"Englishby____ofdictationandrecitation.(means)2.Allthegoods___mealmosthalfamilliondollars.(cost)3.Wemust____thewildanimalsfromthehunting.(protect)4.Everybabyshouldbe____afterheishorn.(separated)

5.Noneofthem____deathwhentheenemycameintothevillage.(feared)6.Therearetoomanypeople,soyoushouldhaveboughtaticketin____.(advance)☆詞語比較☆

1.wear,puton,haveon,dress,bein,tryon

(1)wearv.穿著；戴；蓄須(發(fā))；磨損；(臉容)呈現(xiàn)，顯出Heiswearinganovercoattoday.*wearout(把)穿破；(把)用壞；(使)疲乏；(使)耗盡Ihavewornoutmyshoes./Mypatiencewore(wasworn)out.

(2)puton穿上；戴上(側(cè)重穿著的動作)Putonyoursweater,otherwiseyouwillfeelcold.(3)dressvt.給穿衣服n.衣服；連衣裙

dresssb.(insth.)或bedressed(insth.)注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Motherdressedherbabyandthentheywentdownstairs.

(4)haveon表示穿著的狀態(tài)，注意不能用進(jìn)行時。AttheSpringFestival,allchildrenhaveonnewclothes.(5)bein表示穿著的狀態(tài)Therewasagirlinred.(6)tryon試穿Motherwastryingonanewdress.2.strike,hit,beat

(1)hitvt.

①打；敲；擊；擊中；射中Hehitaballoverthefence./Thestonehithimonthehead.②使受到打擊Thebadnewshiteveryonehard.(2)beatvt.&vi.

①連續(xù)有節(jié)奏地打；敲

Therainheatagainstthewindow.

②(心)跳動Hishearthadstoppedbeating.③(鳥翼)撲動

Thebirdbeatitswingsrapidlyasitflewon.④打��；打贏；取勝

Ourchampioncanbeatallrunnersinthecountry.(3)strikevt.&vi.

①打；敲；擊；砍；打中；擊中Hestruckmewithhisfist.

Thehousewasstruckbylightning.②發(fā)起進(jìn)攻；襲擊

Hemovedawayastheanimalstruck.③撞；觸(礁)

Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.④擦(火柴)

Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.

⑤(某種想法)忽然出現(xiàn)；忽然想起，相當(dāng)于occurto。Ahappythoughtstruckher.⑥給人深刻印象(常用于被動語態(tài))

Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.

⑦罷工Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.

⑧(鐘)敲(響)Wewaitedfortheclocktostrikesix.3.complete,finish

complete可作形容詞，表示“徹底的；全面的”。complete與finish表示“完成”時的區(qū)別。

(1)complete作及物動詞，只接n.或pron.，常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)，工程建設(shè)等Therailwayisnotcompletedyet.

(2)finishvi./vt.指完成，結(jié)束一件事情；可接n.或doing。如：finishone"shomework/middleschool/writingthebook☆短語歸納☆

1.cutdown

(1)砍倒Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillraintheland.(2)減少；削減Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.2.含get的短語

①getback回來，恢復(fù)，送回

②getoff下來，動身，起飛③getup起床，站起來④geton上(車)

⑤geton/alongwith與某人相處．某事的進(jìn)展⑥gettogether聚首，碰頭⑦getawayfrom逃離⑧getonone"sfeet站起來⑨getdown下來⑩getonwellwith與相處融洽

?getmarried結(jié)婚?getto到達(dá)?getthrough通過，接通

?getdownto開始著手做某事

?getacross(使)通過?get(a)round傳開，說服

?getin進(jìn)入。收獲?getout出去，逃脫

[例句]Howareyougettingalongwithyourbusiness?生意進(jìn)展如何?/IfyoutakeMaryoutforadriveyoumustpromisetogetherbackforhermusiclesson.如果你帶瑪麗去兜風(fēng)的話，你必須答應(yīng)帶她回來上音樂課。/Ican"tgetmybootsoff,fortheyaretootight.我脫不掉靴子，它太緊了。/WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會一次。/Whenonehasbusinessonhanditishardtogetawayfromhome.如果一個人手頭有事，離開家很難。

【考例】(201*遼寧)Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It"stimeforusto____ourstudies．A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。

[答案與解析]Agetdownto意為“開始著手做某事”；getout意為“離開，擺脫”；getbackfor意為“回去拿”；getover意為“克服，渡過”。本句話意思是：期末考試就要到了，我們該開始學(xué)習(xí)了。

【考例】(NMET1993)Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.

A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。[答案與解析]Cgetover意為“痊愈，克服”；getin意為“插話”；getalong意為“進(jìn)展．繼續(xù)”；gelthrough意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是：讀者不必準(zhǔn)確知道每個詞的意思就能繼續(xù)下去。3.getaway(from)

(1)擺脫Waysmustbefoundtogetawayfrompoverty.(2)走開；離開Shedidn"tgetawayuntilninelastnight.

(3)逃走，使離開Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.(4)拿走Getalltheepartydishesaway!4.getcloseto

(1)closeadj.靠近；接近Thechurchisclosetotheshops.親密；密切

Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近；接近

Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.

(3)closev.關(guān)上；關(guān)閉(不開發(fā))；結(jié)束

Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(閉上)(4)closelyadv.緊密地；仔細(xì)地；密切地

Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.[比較]

(1)close與closely作副詞時，close含具體之意，closely含抽象之意。(2)類似的詞組有high(高)--highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地)，wide(很開，寬)--widely(廣泛地)，low(低的)--lowly(低賤的)(作形容詞)5.handin交上去(給老師或上級)；交來(handv.)Eachstudenthastohandinacompositiononceaweek.[比較]

(1)handdown傳下來；傳給Ourfatherhandeddownthesecustomstous.(2)handonto傳給，傳遞Theywillhandthephotographtothosewhohavenotseenit.(3)handout發(fā)給大家；散發(fā)Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson．

6.insteadof代替

(1)insteadof+n./pron.

Givemetheredoneinstead0fthegreenone.

(2)insteadof+doing

Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.(3)insteadof+介詞短語

Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.[比較]

(1)insteadadv.作為替代(而)，代替IfHarryisnotwellenoughtogowithyou,takemeinstead.

(2)ratherthan而不是，與其寧愿Heranratherthanwalked.

(3)inplaceof代替，而不用TheChineseusechopsticksinplaceofknivesandforks.7.含take的短語①takeapicture照相，拍照

②takeataxi/bus,etc.打的(坐公交車等)③takeaway拿走，奪取，使離去④takecareof小心，照料，保管⑤takeoff脫，去掉，取消，起飛

⑥takeout拿出，帶出去

⑦takeone"splace就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置⑧takeplace發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生⑨t(yī)akeexercise做運動⑩takeaseat坐下?taketurns輪流

?takeanactivepartin積極參加?takeamessage捎口信?takeon從事，呈現(xiàn)?taketheplaceof取代，代替?takeapart拆開?takedown拿下，記下?take...for...誤認(rèn)為?takein吸收，接納

?takeup拿起．從事．占據(jù)

[例句]FatherwasconvincedthatPeterwasunhappyatboardingschool,andmadearrangementstotakehimaway.父親確信彼得在寄宿學(xué)校不開心，決定把他帶走。/Willyoulakecareofbuyingthewinefortonight"sparty?你負(fù)責(zé)為今晚的晚會買酒水好嗎?/Theboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.男孩們進(jìn)到車?yán)�，開車去了藥店。/HetookmyplaceinthequeuesothatIcouldgoandgetsomethingtoeat.他替我排好了隊，以便我能夠回去弄點兒吃的。8.usedto

(1)usedtodosth.過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不如此)Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.注意：否定句和疑問句有兩種Youusedn’ttomakethatmistake.Shedidn"tuse(d)todoit,didshe?

Youusedtosmokeapipe,didn"tyou?/use(d)n"tyou?(2)be/get/becomeusedto+n./doing習(xí)慣于Ihavealwaysbeenusedtohardwork.Hegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(3)beusedtodo被用來做

Thisknifeisusedtocutbread.

表示“過去常�！睍r，usedto與would區(qū)別：

(1)would只強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去常�！保瑄sedto說明現(xiàn)在不是如此。Theoldwomanwouldsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.

(2)would只接行為動詞，usedto可接行為動詞和表狀態(tài)的詞。如：be,like,know,have。Thereusedtobeatempleatthefootofthemountain.9.watchout當(dāng)心；注意You"llbecheatedifyoudon"twatchout.(1)watchoutfor=lookoutfor提防；當(dāng)心Youmustalwayswatchoutforthetraffichere!(2)watchover照看；看守；負(fù)責(zé)

Themotherbirdiswatchingoverheryoung.10.含“動詞+out”短語

①comeout出來，出版，傳出②goout出去，熄滅，不時興③lookout當(dāng)心，注意

④takeout拿出，取出，帶出去⑤rushout沖出去，匆忙大量生產(chǎn)⑥tryout嘗試，試驗

⑦watchout小心

⑧wearout穿破，用壞，(使)疲乏，消磨⑨findout找出，查出

⑩makeout填寫，完成．設(shè)法應(yīng)付?getout出去，逃離，泄露，公布?pickout看出，選出?thinkout想出

?giveout發(fā)出，筋疲力盡?setout出發(fā)，陳述

[例句]Pleasegooutandtellthechildrentomakelessnoise.請出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/Thesebicycleshavebeenrushedoutandnotuptoourusualstandard.這些自行車匆忙大量生產(chǎn)，沒有達(dá)到我們的正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/Watchout.Thetrainiscoming.小心，火車來了。/Yourwillwearoutyourpatienceintime,myfriend.朋友，最終我們會沒有耐心的。

【考例】(201*湖北)Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.A.findoutB.pickout

C.lookoutD.speakout

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查out構(gòu)成的短語意思區(qū)別。[答案與解析]Bpickout意為“挑選，辨別出”；findout意為“找出．發(fā)現(xiàn)”；lookout意為“留神，注意”：speakout意為“大聲說出”。[牛刀小試2]

請根據(jù)句意，選用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(getaway，takeup，takeon，thinkout，getdownto)

1.--Shallwesetoffrightnow?--Sorry.I"mtoobusyto____forthemoment.(getaway)2.Thefinalexaminationiscoming:youreallymust____yourstudies.(getdown)

3.Themanagerdoesn"thavemuchfreetimeashiswork____nearlyallhissparetime.(takesup)4.Wealsosharedanumberofqualitieswhichwefellwereinourfavorwhenwe____thetask.(tookon)

5.Hemighthave___hisideaabouttheartexhibitionmuchbetter,ifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.(thoughtout)

☆句型歸納☆

1.Youshouldn"tgoraftingunlessyouknowhowtoswim,andyoushouldalwayswearalifejacket.除非你會游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運動。該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如：Onecan"tlearnaforeignlanguagewellunlesshestudieshard.

unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)�？梢允÷浴�

【考例】(200l北京春招)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句。

[答案與解析]B句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點工作，這些人將不得不等一整天�！睉�(yīng)該選unless。

2.Eco-travelisawaytofindoutwhatcanbedonetohelpanimalsandplantsaswellaspeople.生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人．又幫助動植物的途徑。

該句中的aswellas是連詞，連接兩個并列成分。例如:HecanspeakGermanaswellasFrench.常見的用法:

1.well是副詞，意思是“好，優(yōu)秀”，aswellas是形容詞同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.aswellas是固定短語，意思是“和”，相當(dāng)于"notonlybutalso..."。

3.aswellas連接兩個并列成分作主語時，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與前面那個名詞或代詞的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。

4.aswellas還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用，意思是“除了之外，還有”；相當(dāng)于"besides，apartfrom"。5.aswell，是副詞短語，意思是“也”，相當(dāng)于“too/also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當(dāng)。6.may/mightaswelldosth表示“還是的好”。

【考例】(NMET1994)Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas[考查目標(biāo)]aswellas連接比較狀語從句。

[答案與解析]B該句中ifnotbetterthan相當(dāng)于插入語，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)"JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid"。

3.Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise.她還沒有來得及動彈，就聽見很響的聲音。However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.但還沒有回過身來，洪水便逼近了她。

該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時間狀語從句。before用作連詞，接時間狀語從句時，表示“在之前”。但在不同的語境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如:Heknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他差一點把我撞倒，才看到我。

【考例】(201*廣東)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then[考查目標(biāo)]時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。

[答案與解析]Bbefore表示“直到”。

4.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.洪水想必深達(dá)三米，樹一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。

該句中的musthavebeen表示推測。例如：Youlooksotired.Youmusthavestayeduplastnight.情態(tài)動詞may，might，most．can，could常用來表示推測。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在的推測；may，might，must，can，could后接havedone。表示對過去的推測。例如：

Youmaybeaprofessor./Shemusthavemetafairy.

【考例】(201*遼寧)Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.{"Error":{"code":"8","Message":"badrequest","LogId":"1800058577"}}(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表近期的，事先已經(jīng)計劃安排好的--Howareyougettingtotheairport?

--Bytaxi.Bobiscomingwithmetotheairport.(2)willdo和shalldo

①表客觀將來。shall用于第一人稱，will用于第一、

二、三人稱。Iwill/shallfinishmiddleschoolnextmonth.

②表有科學(xué)根據(jù)的預(yù)測。Theweatherreportsaysitwillraintomorrow.③表客觀必然。Manwillmakemistakes.(3)begoingto

①表現(xiàn)在打算在近期或?qū)�來要做某事。I"mgoingtofinishmyhomeworktonight.②表根據(jù)已有跡象的預(yù)測。It"ssodarkoutside,Ithinkit"sgoingtorain.

③begoingto不與come,go連用，而用becoming,begoing形式。Maryiscomingherethisevening.[注意]

表計劃、安排、規(guī)定要做的事，用“be+todo”。此外，表示按時刻表運行的動作常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Themeetingistobeheldat9:00a.m./Ourplaneleavesat6:00a.m..[牛刀小試3]

1.____youcallmetosayyou"renotcoming,I"llseeyouatthetheatre.(201*吉林)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless

2.Nowthatyou"vegotachance,you____makefulluseofit.(NMET1999)A.hadbettertoB.mightaswell

C.mightaswellasD.wouldrather

3.Itwasevening____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(201*天津)A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before

4.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,____?(201*上海春招)

A.didn"ttheyB.don"tthey

C.mustn"ttheyD.haven"tthey

5.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn"texpected.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatDBDDC

☆交際速成☆

【考點1】Talkingaboutintentionsandplans.談?wù)撘庠负痛蛩?201*江蘇)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon"tknow.____.A.That"sOKB.Nevermind

C.ItdependsD.Itdoesn"tmatter

[答案與解析]C本題考查具體語境下被詢問打算時的應(yīng)答。A項用于回答感謝和道歉，B、D兩項用于回答道歉，C項表示“看情況而定”�！練w納】英語中常見表達(dá)意愿和打算的用語有：①I"llgowithyou.

②I"mgoingtoseemyheadteacherthisafternoon.③I"dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.④Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpenfriend.⑤IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.⑥Wearereadytomovetoanewhouse.⑦BillintendstospendhisvocationinCalifornia.⑧I"mthinkingofdrivingtoBeijing.⑨Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?⑩Howwouldyouliketogoto...??Whenareyougoingoffto...??Howareyougoingto...?

【考點2】Expressinggoodwishes祝愿(201*廣東)

Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I"msurewewillwin.Mike:____!

A.CongratulationsB.Cheers

C.BestwishesD.Goodluck

[答案與解析]D考查祝愿用語。在比賽前表示祝愿的話用Goodluck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝賀。Cheers意為“干杯”。Bestwishes多用于書面語，表示“萬事如意”的意思。

【歸納】英語中常見表達(dá)祝愿的用語有：①Haveagoodday/time!②Haveagoodjourney/trip!③Goodluck!④Enjoyyourself!⑤Bestwishestoyou!⑥HappyNewYear!⑦Happybirthday!⑧MerryChristmas!應(yīng)答語有：①Thankyou.

②You,too.

③Thesametoyou.

【考點3】Describingemotions描述人物的情感(201*上海春招)

--I"mafraidIcan"tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.--____.

A.PleasegoaheadB.That"sallright

C.NotatallD.Takeyourtime

[答案與解析]D本題考查時表示遺憾情感的應(yīng)答。A項表示“請吧，說吧”，用于回答許可或讓對方先行。B、C兩項是感謝或道歉的答語，D項表示“別著急，慢慢來”，符合語境�！練w納】中學(xué)英語中描述人物情感的用語有：

①(恐懼)Help!/Howterrible!/I"mafraidof.../I"mafraidto.../Youscaredme!/Itscaresme!②(高興)(It"s)welldone!/Howwonderful!/That"sgreat!/I"mpleasedto...③(驚奇)Really!/Ohdear!/Isthatso?/Whatasurprise!/Howsurprising!

④(憂慮)What"swrong?/what"sthematter?/Anythingwrong?/Whatshouldwedo?

⑤(安慰)There,there./Don"tbeafraid.／Don"tworry./It"s(quite)allright./It"llbeOK/allright.⑥(滿意)Good!/Welldone!／Perfect!/That"sfine./That"sbetter.

⑦(遺憾)I"msosorry!/It"sagreatpity!/Whatashame!/That"stoobad!

⑧(同情)I"msosorry!/I"msosorry(aboutyourillness)./I"msorrytohearthat.⑨(憤怒)Damn!/Howannoying!

⑩(鼓勵)Welldone!/Comeon!/Keeptrying./Youcandoit![牛刀小試4]

1.--I"dliketotakeaweek"sholiday.--____,we"retoobusy.

A.Don"tworryB.Don"tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme

2.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.

--____,butdon"tgiveitup.

A.FindoutthereasonB.Nevermind

C.I"msorrytohearthatD.Youdon"t"meanthat

3.--Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight"sshowhavebeensoldout.--Ohno!____.A.IwaslookingforwardtothatB.Itdoesn"tmatterC.IknewitalreadyD.It"snotatallinteresting4.--WearegoingtotraveltoItaly.--____.A.GoodbyeB.Goahead

C.Iliketogo,tooD.Haveagoodtime5.--I"dratherhavesometea,ifyoudon"tmind.--____.

A.ThankyouverymuchB.Yes,Ilikeso

C.No,it"snothingD.Ofcourse,anythingyouwantCCADD☆精典題例☆

1.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(NMET201*春上海)

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

【解析】選C本題是在語境中考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。本句意為“雨林以這樣的速度被砍伐和焚燒，會導(dǎo)致它在不久的將來從地球上消失�！斌w會語境和句意便知此處選擇C項，表示現(xiàn)階段在進(jìn)行的動作。

2.Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissing____carriedout.

A.arestillbeingB.havealreadybeenC.arealwaysD.willsoonbe

【解析】選A本句意為“礦井爆炸已過23小時了，但對失蹤人員的搜索還在進(jìn)行中�！�3.--Whenareyouleaving?--Myplane____at10:45.A.takesoffB.tookoff

C.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff【解析】選A飛機(jī)是按時刻表運行的。4.--Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?

--Sorry,mywatch____.It____attheshop.A.isn"tworking;isbeingrepaired

B.doesn"twork;isbeingrepairedC.isn"tworking;isrepairedD.doesn"twork;isrepaired

【解析】選Bdoesn"twork說明“手表不工作”的狀態(tài)，而不只是現(xiàn)在才壞了。后句意為“手表正在商店里修理”，故應(yīng)用isbeingrepaired。

5.John,whoisconsidered____awarm-heartedman,isconsidering____hisneighboroutoftrouble.

A.tobe;tohelpB.tobe;helpingC.being;tohelpD.being;helping

【解析】選Bbeconsideredtobe“被認(rèn)為是”；considerdoing“考慮做某事”。6.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as

【解析】選C意思是“在事情還未變得更糟之前及時糾正錯誤”。

7.--Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.

--Itdoesn"tmatter.I____lendyoumine.

A.amtoB.amgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.will

【解析】選Dbeto表示按計劃安排將來的動作，begoingto表示最近打算做某事，will在此是情態(tài)動詞，表示“意志；意愿”。如：Iwilltellyouallaboutit.

8.Childrenatthebeginningofthiscentury____alotand____themselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.

A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC.wereusedtoreading;enjoyD.wereusedtoread;enjoying

【解析】選B前后時態(tài)要保持一致。

高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit5-6☆重點句型☆

1.Whilestillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.連詞+名詞做時間狀語

2.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaid連詞+過去分詞做時間狀語

3.Whendrinkingtosomeone"shealth,youraiseyourglasses.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語4.It"sacustominChinatohavesometeabeforethemealisserved.It做形式主語5.Manypeoplelikethisfilmnotjustbecause...,butalsobecause...并列連詞

6.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing...動名詞做主賓語☆重點詞匯☆1.commentv.評論2.marryv.結(jié)婚3.createv.創(chuàng)造4.attackv.進(jìn)攻5.crueltyn.殘酷6.escapev.逃跑

7.advicen.忠告；建議

8.affordv.花得起(錢、時間)9.encouragev.鼓勵10.researchn.研究11.interruptv.打斷；打擾12.apologizev.道歉13.prayv.請求；祈禱14.forgivev.原諒；寬恕15.matchv.相配；相適應(yīng)16.mannersn.禮貌17.impressionn.印象

18.liveadj.&adv.活的；直播的(地)19.customn.習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗20.introducevt.介紹；引進(jìn)☆重點短語☆

1.takeoff脫掉；起飛；成功2.gowrong出錯；出問題

3.can"thelpdoing情不自禁做某事4.takeone"splace代替某人5.runafter追逐；追蹤

6.winaprize獲獎

7.thinkhighlyof贊揚；對高度評價

8.callfor需要；索取9.inall總共

10.playarole扮演角色(作用)11.makemoney掙錢12.winover爭取過來13.workon從事，致力于

14.owesuccessto把成功歸功于某人15.startwith以開始16.runawayfromschool逃學(xué)17.ontheair正在播出的18.doresearch進(jìn)行調(diào)查19.speedup加速

20.followthefashion追隨時尚

☆短語闖關(guān)☆

下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)。你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?

l.____screen銀幕，電影(業(yè))

2.take____成功；成名；脫掉(衣服)；(飛機(jī))起飛3.____wrong走錯路；誤入歧途；不對頭；出毛病4.owesth____sb把歸功于某人5.____all總共；總之6.stay____不在家，外出7.____school小學(xué)

8.locksb____將某人鎖于某處不得進(jìn)出；將某人監(jiān)禁起來9.run____追趕

10.bringsb____送回某人11.____theair正在播出的

12.thinkhighly____對高度評價13.leave____省去；遺漏；不考慮14.stare____盯著

15.make____aboutsb以某人為笑柄

16.drink(atoast)____為祝酒；為干杯17.win____戰(zhàn)勝

18.____commentson對加以評論

19.looksb____看望，拜訪某人

20.____arolein在中扮演角色；在方面起作用21.____aprize獲獎

22.tosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉

23.makeagoodimpression____給留下好印象24.____silent保持沉默25.payavisit____拜訪☆交際用語☆

1.Whatdoyouthinkhashappened?

2.Whatdoyouknowabout…?

3.Howdoyoulike…?/Whatdoyouthinkof…?/Whatdbyoufeel...?4.MayIinterruptyouforamoment?

5.Excuseme/Forgivemefor.../Iapologizefor…6.I"m(very/so/terribly)sorry.It"sallmyfault.7.That"sallright./That"sOK./Noproblem.8.Iwishyouallthebest.9.I"msorry.Ididn"tmeanto...10.Let"sdrink(atoast)to...!☆單詞聚焦☆1.afford

(1)(和can，could，beableto連用)有(時間、經(jīng)濟(jì)等)條件(做某事)+todoWecan"taffordtopaysuchaprice.afford+n./pron.(出得起；買得起等)

Theydonotconsiderwhethertheycanafforditornot.(2)經(jīng)得起(做某事或發(fā)生某事)(多+todo)Hecouldnotaffordtolosehisfortuneentirely.2.apologize的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：apologyn.辯解，道歉▲搭配：

①apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapology的sbfor(doing)sth向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉

②apologizeforoneself為自己辯解或辯護(hù)

【考例】[NMET1993]Thecaptain____anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.

A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed[考查目標(biāo)]apologize及其名詞的用法和搭配。[答案與解析]Amakeanapology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法▲搭配：

①makeachoice選擇

②makechoiceof挑選，選擇，選定③make/takeone"schoice任意挑選

④havenochoicebuttodosth非不可，除之外別無他法

【考例】[MET1993]We"vemissedthelastbus,I"mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection[考查目標(biāo)]choice的意思和習(xí)慣搭配。

[答案與解析]Bchoice是choose的名詞形式．意思是“選擇”，在本句中構(gòu)成固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth“不得不干”。4.determine的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：determinationn.決心，決斷，決意；決定，確定▲搭配：

①determinetodosth決定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth決定③amanofdetermination有決斷力的人

▲辨析：decide；determine這兩個詞都有“決定”的意思。decide的含義是“不再遲疑不定”，而

determine含義是“把某件事確定下來”。在bedeterminedtodo這個固定的結(jié)構(gòu)中。過去分詞determined的詞義為“下定了決心”。decide的名詞為decision，determine的名詞為determination。例如：Atfirst，shedecidedtogotothepolice，起初，她決定去找警察

▲友情提示:decide后跟賓語從句時，其含義有時是“斷

定”。IdecidedthatImusthavetakenawrongturningsomewhere.我斷定我一定是在某處拐錯彎了。Thedeterminationofthemeaningofawordisoftendifficultwithoutacontext.脫離上下文來確定一個詞的含義常常是困難的。

注：在determinetodo...，determineon(upon)...和determinethat...。(賓語從句)三個搭配中，determine的詞義和decide幾乎沒有多大差異。Hedetermined/decidedtolearnmedicine.他決定學(xué)醫(yī)。

注：decidesbtodosth決定使某人做某事Whatdecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?什么因素使你決定放棄你的工作?

【考例】[201*京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.A.checkB.determineC.correctD.recover[考查目標(biāo)]determine的用法。

[答案與解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情況下意思相同。5.encourage的用法▲構(gòu)詞：

①encouragingadj.鼓勵的，給予希望的，振奮人心的。令人歡欣鼓舞的②encouragedadj.被激勵的，受到鼓舞的③encouragementn.鼓勵，激勵④discouragev.使泄氣；勸阻

▲搭配：①encouragesbtodosth鼓勵某人做某事②beencouragedby受鼓勵／鼓舞【考例】[201*北京]Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake[考查目標(biāo)]encourage的用法。

[答案與解析]Dencouragesbtodosth鼓勵某人干某事。句意為：我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵我參加一個夏季課程來提高我的寫作技巧。

6.escape(vi,vt)escaped,escaping

(1)逃走；跑掉+from/outof=runawayfromThesoldierescapedfromtheenemy"sprison.(2)逃脫；逃避+n./doing

Henarrowlyescapeddeath/beingkilled.

There"snowaytoescapedoingthework.escape還可表示：①（液體等）漏出gasescapingfromthepipe煤氣從管中漏出Waterescapedrapidlyfromthedrainpipe.水從排水管中迅速流出。

②避免escapeddeath免于一死Thereisnoescapinghim.怎么也避不開他。③疏忽，忽略Nothingescapedhisattention.什么也逃不過他的注意。Youcannotexpectthatsomethingmayescapetheteacher"sattention.你不要奢望有什么能逃過老師的注意。escapen

①逃走Thethiefmadehisescape.小偷逃走了。

②（氣體）漏出，泄出；解悶Shereadslovestoriesasanescape.她讀愛情小說解悶。7.hunt的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：huntern.獵人，搜尋者▲搭配：

①huntfor/after追獵；尋找，搜尋②huntout找出；調(diào)查出

【考例】Hewanderedinthestreet,____anewjacketforhisnephew.A.huntingforB.waitingforC.shootingforD.aimingfor

[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查huntfor的意思。

[答案與解析]Ahuntfor原來是“獵取”的意思，引中為“搜尋，尋找”。

8.impressionn.印象

(1)impression(onsb.)(給某人)印象Hisspeechmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.(2)impression(ofsth.)(對某事物)印象；想法That"smyfirstimpressionofthenewcollege.(3)impresssb.withsth.給予某人深刻印象=impresssth.onsb.使某人銘記Theteacherimpressedonhisstudentstheimportanceofspeaking.=Theteacherimpre-ssedhisstudentswiththeimportanceofspeaking.9.interrupt的用法vt,vi①阻斷；中斷Don"tinterruptme.別打斷我。Trafficinthecitywasinterruptedbyasnowstorm.市內(nèi)交通被暴風(fēng)雪所阻斷。

②打岔；插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.打斷別人的話，是不禮貌的�！癉on"tinterrupt,”hesaid.“別插話,”他說�！鴺�(gòu)詞：

①interruptern.打岔者，打斷者

②interruptionn.打岔．打斷，使中斷的事物

【考例】[201*山西模擬]Bequiet!It"srudeto____peoplewhentheyaretalking.A.stopB.introduceC.preventD.interrupt[考查目標(biāo)]interrupt的詞義。

[答案與解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打斷；使中斷”．后接指人或指物的各種名詞。

10.marry

(1)vi.結(jié)婚Hedidn"tmarryuntilhewasfifty.(2)vt.和結(jié)婚JeanisgoingtomarryHubert.

(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女兒)Hemarriedhisdaughtertoabusinessman.

(4)vt.(教士等)為主持結(jié)婚儀式We"vecometoaskifyouwillmarrythem.[比較]

(1)getmarried(tosb.)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作Hisoldestgirlgotmarriedlastmonth.(2)bemarried(tosb.)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?11.moment的用法n.

①片刻；瞬間Hewillbehereinamoment.他一會兒就來。AtthemomentIamworking.此刻我正在工作。

②時機(jī)；機(jī)遇；時宜Chooseyourmomenttovisithim.你選個合適的時機(jī)去拜訪他。③重要性amatterofgreatmoment一件極重要的事情

▲搭配：

①atanymoment隨時；在任何時候；馬上②atthelastmoment在最后關(guān)頭③atthemoment此刻；(正當(dāng))那時④everymoment時時刻刻

⑤foramoment片刻

⑥inamoment一會兒，不久；立即，馬上

⑦themoment(that)...一就

【考例】[NMET201*II]"CanI?Idon"tthinkIcan,"Racysaidwithalaugh."ButIdohave____whenthingscometomefornoreason."

A.eventsB.chancesC.feelingsD.moments[考查目標(biāo)]moment的詞義。[答案與解析]Dmoment可以指“時刻”，在本句中用了復(fù)數(shù)，意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed,owing▲搭配：

①（常與for連用）欠，欠債Ioweyouforyourhelp.我感謝你的幫助。(也可以是owesth.或owesb.sth)Thefoodcost￡4,butIonlypaid￡3soIstillowe￡1.食品要4英鎊，可我只付了3英鎊，因此我還欠1英鎊。Ioweyouanapology.我該向你道歉。☆owesbsthforsth或owesthtosbforsth為欠某人

②對負(fù)有義務(wù)；感恩；感激Weoweourparentsalot.我們十分感激父母。

③（常與to連用）歸功于；由于Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.她把成功歸功于幸運。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteacher"sencouragement.年輕作家把自己的成功歸于他老師的鼓勵。

【考例】[201*湖北]"HowmuchdoI____you?""Oh,no,"Paulsaid.A.OweB.lendC.giveD.offer[考查目標(biāo)]考查owe的詞義和用法。

[答案與解析]Aowe表示“欠”的時候是及物動詞，可以接雙賓語。13.reasonn.原因；理由

(1)+todosth.Youhaven"tanyreasontoleaveme.

(2)+forsth./doingPeoplemusthaveareasonforsayingsuchthings.

(3)+從句；從句用why/forwhich引導(dǎo)Thatisthereasonwhyyoushouldleave.(4)for+reason，為了某種原因Heisretiringforreasonsofhealth.[比較]cause“原因；起因”

thecauseofthefire火災(zāi)的起因(引起某種后果的起因)thereasonforbeinglate遲到的理由(做某件事的理由)14.role

(1)(戲劇中的)角色Oliverplayed(acted)therole/partofHamlet.(2)(現(xiàn)實生活中的)身份；作用WhatisyourroleontheCommittee?

(3)playa...rolein...=playa...partin在中扮演角色或作用Theheadmasterplaysanimportantrole/partinthegoodrunningofaschool.15.servev.

(1)為服務(wù)／工作Aslaveserveshismaster.

(2)接待(顧客)Theshopassistantisservingacustomer.

(3)侍候吃飯，端(菜)；供應(yīng)(飯菜)Lunchisservednow.

(4)serveas充任(某職務(wù))作用Sheservedasamodelforseveralpainters./Thisboxwillserveas/foraseat.16.speed的用法▲搭配：

①atahighspeed以很大的速度

②atfull/topspeed用全速，開足馬力，盡力(快)地；③withgreat/anspeed用全速，開足馬力④speedup加速，快點

【考例】Wehadtriedourbestbutthebossstillshouted,"____!"A.SpeedupB.NohurryC.WaitaminuteD.Slowdown[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查speed及其構(gòu)成的短語的意思。

[答案與解析]Aspeedup意思是“加速，快點”的意思。17.stare的用法vi,vt--stared,staring凝視，注視

Hestaredatthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.他盯著這個單詞，努力想記起它的意思。

[習(xí)慣用語]stareoneintheface近在眼前；擺在眼前

▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare這組動詞的一般含義是“凝視”。

gaze表示“目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：Shegazedatthecarpetforsometime,andthenadded,"Youdon"tneedbookcasesatall."她對地毯凝視了一會兒，然后補充說：“你根本不需要書柜�！�

stare特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如：Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.那位貴族對那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。glare表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型�脅性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：Thetrappedeagleglaredathiscaptors.被誘捕到的雄鷹兇狠地瞪著捕獲它的人。

【考例】[NMET1999]____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

[考查目標(biāo)]stare等近義詞辨別。[答案與解析]Dwatch意思是“觀察”，是長時問關(guān)注；而stareat卻是“盯著”。含有驚奇、傲慢的感情色彩。

18.trouble(1)麻煩；煩惱；煩心的事(可數(shù)，不可數(shù))Itisapitytogiveyousomuchtrouble./Lifeisfulloftroubles.

(2)困難；費事(不可數(shù))havetroublewithsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.(=difficulty)Didyouhavemuchtroubleinfindingthepostoffice?/Ihopeyouwon"thaveanytroublewiththework.

[相關(guān)短語]

(1)askfortrouble自尋煩惱；自找麻煩Whatmadeyouwritesuchaletter?Itwasaskingfortrouble.

(2)(be)introuble有煩事；有困難；出事；惹麻煩Henevercameexceptwhenhewasintrouble.

(3)putsb.totrouble給某人造成麻煩；增添麻煩Iamsorryforputtingyoutosomuchtrouble.

(4)taketroubletodosth.費心做某事；費心Itwasgoodofyoutotakethetroubletohelpus.

[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)

1.willneverforgetthe____givenbyMr.Wang,whichhelpedmeovercomealotdifficulty.2.Ihavemadea___thateverydepartmentinourcompanyshouldbuyacomputerofthiskind.3.Irecognizedthemanthe____Isawhimatthecorner.4.Sinceitwasabitlater，wehadto____up.

5.Wemust____oursuccesstoourparentsandteachers.

6.Theparentscamefromthefar-awayvillage,makingan____fortheirnaughtyson.☆詞語比較☆

1.win,beat,defeat表示獲勝、取勝的詞語(1)winv.贏，獲勝，接比賽或獎項winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.

(2)beat+對手，表打敗(尤指體育比賽)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.(3)defeat表戰(zhàn)勝，接對手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.2.intheend,finally,atlast

三者均可表示“(經(jīng)過周折、等待、耽誤)最后，終于”之意。不同的是：

finally一般用在句中動詞前面，而atlast與intheend的位置則較為靈活；

三者中atlast語氣最為強(qiáng)烈，且可單獨作為感嘆句使用。Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?/Butintheendhegavein.

另外，finally還可用在列舉事項時，引出最后一個內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于lastly。Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea

(1)bysea“走海路，乘船”，用來表示交通方式，同byship同義。Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.

(2)bythesea“在海邊”，相當(dāng)于by(at)theseaside。ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren"sDay.

(3)inthesea“在海里，在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.(4)onthesea“在海面上”，“在海岸邊”。Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.

(5)atsea在海上；在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.(1)beafraid意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，多用于口語，常用來表示一種歉意，或遺憾，后可接so或not，也可接that從句。I"mafraid(that)其語意相當(dāng)于I"msorry,but...。

--Areweontime?我們準(zhǔn)時嗎?--I"mafraidnot.恐怕不準(zhǔn)時。I"mafraidyou"llgetcaughtintherain.

(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于膽小而不敢做某事”。Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.

(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“擔(dān)心或害怕某事(發(fā)生)”。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.

5.live,living,alive,lively

(1)liveadj.

①活的；活生生的；(只修飾生物；只作前置定語)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.

②實況直播的(不是錄音)Itwasn"tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.③帶電的；燃著的；可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.

(2)livingadj.活著的，有生命的(作表語或定語)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)(3)aliveadj.①活著的；②有活力的；有生氣作后置定語：Who"sthegreatestmanalive?

作表語：Wasthesnakealiveordead?/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.作補語：Let"skeepthefishalive.

(4)livelyadj.活潑的；有生氣的；活躍的(作表語或定語)Themusicisbrightandlively.6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup

(1)takeoff

①(飛機(jī))起飛Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.

②脫下(衣裳等)；取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?③休假；請假；歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.

④(指觀念、產(chǎn)品)大受歡迎；(事業(yè))突然發(fā)達(dá)，成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.

(2)takedown

①拿下來；取下來Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.②記下來Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.(3)takein

①接受(房客，客人等)；收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.②理解；領(lǐng)會；明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.

③包括；涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.④使上當(dāng)；欺騙Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.(4)takeon

①接受；從事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.

(5)takeup

①從事某項活動；發(fā)展某種愛好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.

②開始做(某項工作)；開始學(xué)習(xí)(某個課程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.

③占去(時間或空間)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.

④接受I"dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.7.callfor,callon,callup

(1)callfor

①來找(某人)；來取(某物)I"llcallforyouatyourhouse.②要求；需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.

(2)callon

①callon/uponsb.拜訪；去會(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.②callon/uponsb.todosth.請／叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.③號召；呼吁；要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.

(3)callup

①給打電話(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.②征召入役；調(diào)用(后備部隊)Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.

8.toomuch,muchtoo

(1)toomuch“太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動詞。Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.(2)muchtoo“簡直太，過于”，只能作副詞，用來修飾形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動詞。Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.9.custom,habit

(1)custom指傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.

(2)habit指個人生活習(xí)慣�！�(有)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣”常

用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型；“戒掉習(xí)慣”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。It"seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.10.arise,rise,raise

raisevt.“使上升；升起；提高”等；

risevi.“上升；升起”；arisevi.“站起來(standup)”，“起床(getup)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都屬正式用法；arise主要表示“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”等意思。Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出現(xiàn))☆短語歸納☆

1.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事Shecouldn"thepsmiling.

[比較]

(1)can"thelpbutdo不得不；不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan"thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.

(2)cannotbut不能不，只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.[歸納]

(1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.

(2)help...withsth.幫助做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.

(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.給自己/別人夾菜/拿煙等；擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?

(4)help...insth.在方面幫助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.

(5)helpout幫忙(做事；克服困難等)I"veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe"sbeenabitshortofmoney.

2.含go的短語

①goaround到處走／跑．(疾病)流傳，(謠言)傳開；goafter追求；goahead說吧，請吧，做吧；goaway離開，出去

②goback走網(wǎng)頭路，翻悔改變；gobad變壞；goboating去劃船③gofishing去釣魚；goforawalk去散步④gohiking去徒步旅行；gohome回家⑤goinfor喜愛，從事于；gointo進(jìn)入，加入⑥gomad發(fā)瘋

⑦gooff離去，去世；goon繼續(xù)，進(jìn)展，依據(jù)；goondoing繼續(xù)做；goout出去，發(fā)出去，熄滅，不時興；goover研究，檢查，搜查

⑧goshopping去商店；goskating去滑冰；gostraightalong沿著；goswimming去游泳⑨gothrough通過，經(jīng)受，仔細(xì)檢查；gotobed上床⑩goup上升?gowrong走錯路，誤入歧途

[例句]We"llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我們要逐條研究。Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的習(xí)慣。ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要過來．我們一起檢查一下房子。Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演講持續(xù)很長時間，結(jié)果人們開始想睡。Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那個短語已經(jīng)過時了，現(xiàn)在沒有人在用它。Theyoungfellowhasn"trealizedthathehasgonewrong.這個年輕人還沒有意識到他已經(jīng)誤入歧途。Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife，Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厭煩與妻子一起去購物，劉先生假裝有重要的事情要做。

【考例2】(201*北京)Idon"t____rock"n"roll.It"smuchtoonoisyformytaste.A.goafterB.goawaywithC.gointoD.goinfor

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個動詞短語的意思。

[答案與解析]Dgoafter追求；goawaywith帶走；gointo進(jìn)入，加入；goinfor喜愛，愛好。根據(jù)句子意思“搖滾音樂太嘈雜。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜歡”。

【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.

A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個短語的意思。[答案與解析]Dputup掛起；givein屈服；turnon打開；goout熄滅。本句話意思是“沒有人注意到賊溜進(jìn)了屋子，因為燈碰巧熄滅了”。3.gowrong

(1)走錯路；弄錯方向

(2)失��；不順利Allourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.(3)發(fā)生故障Theclockwentwrong.[比較]表示“變?yōu)椤钡南祫釉~

(1)go表示由積極向消極方面變化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如：gomad/pale/blind/hungry

(2)become/get表示由積極向消極或消極向積極方

面變化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.

(3)turn多接表顏色的詞Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.

注意：becomeawriter

(4)grow側(cè)重變化過程Theseaisgrowingcalm.(5)fall進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)Allthreechildrenfellasleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；歸功于(1)欠(錢)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.Iowe￡50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor￡50.(2)得過(某人的)好處；欠(某人的)人情債

Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.(3)應(yīng)當(dāng)給予Youowemeanapology.(4)應(yīng)歸功于；都虧得

WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的詞組：owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof

5.takeone"splace

(1)入座，站好位置，取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.

(2)takeone"splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(職務(wù)或工作等)；接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.

[比較]

(1)inplace(of)代替；而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.

(2)takeone"sseat在自己座位上坐下；有時等于takeone"splace：Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.

6.thinkhighlyof贊揚表贊賞的詞有：

(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.表認(rèn)為不好的詞有：

(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.7.含“動詞+away”的短語①doawaywith去掉

②getaway逃脫，(使)離開③goaway離去，出去

④putaway放好，把收拾起來，存(錢)以備它日之用⑤runaway逃走，離開

⑥smoothaway去除，克服

⑦stayaway(from)不在家，外出

⑧takeaway拿走，帶走，奪去，使離去⑨t(yī)hrowaway扔掉．浪費．坐失(良機(jī))

[例句]Don"tthrowawaysuchagoodchance.Oryou"llregret.不要放棄這么好的機(jī)會，不然的話，你會后悔

的。Putawaythetoolsbeforeyouleave.離開前把工具收拾好。Whydidyoustayawayfromschool?你為什么不去上學(xué)?IhadhopedtotakeagoodholidaythisyearbutIwasn"tabletogetaway.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我離不開�！究祭�】(201*重慶)Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople____insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem．

A.threwawayB.putaway

C.gaveawayD.carriedaway

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查“動詞+away”四個短語的意思。[答案與解析]Bthrowaway扔掉；putway放好，把收拾起來；giveaway分發(fā)．泄露；carryaway沖走。本句話意思是“在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以前，許多人把他們不能帶走的財產(chǎn)藏在了安全的地方”。8.含“動詞+off”的短語

①dropoff放下，下車②falloff(從)掉下來

③getoff(從)下來，動身，起飛，脫下來④giveoff發(fā)出，放出

⑤jumpoff跳離

⑥putoff推遲，延期

⑦setoff出發(fā)，引起，啟程

⑧seesboff為某人送行，為送行⑨switchoff關(guān)掉

⑩takeoff脫，去掉，起飛，匆匆離開，成名?throwoff匆忙脫掉

?turnoff關(guān)掉，避開，拐彎

[例句]Theelectricitysupplymustbeturnedoffatthemainsbeforeyouchangethelightingcircuit.在改變火線前，主干線的電力供應(yīng)必須切斷。MrsGareyasusualwenttothedoortoseehimoff.Garey夫人像通常一樣把他送到門口。Hehadtoputoffanappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.因為疾病的緣故，他不得不推遲了與我的約會。Beforethebodyofthecarcanbeproperlyrepaired,alltheexternalfittingsmustbetakenoff.車身適當(dāng)修理前，所有外部的配件必須拿下來。Thefiredoesn"tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.這爐火好像不大熱。【考例】(201*廣東)JohnisleavingforLondontomorrowandIwill____him____attheairport.A.send...awayB.leave...offC.see...offD.show...around

[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語seeoff的用法。

[答案與解析]Cseeoff意為“給某人送行”；sendaway意為“派遣”；leaveoff意為“停止，不再穿”；showaround意為“帶領(lǐng)某人參觀”。[牛刀小試2]

在下列句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。

1.Mygrandmotherhadput____over$50,000whenshewassixtyfiveyearsold.

2.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischarac-tertoget____homeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.

3.Themarketwasfilled____saltedfish,givingtheworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.

4.--Whatdoyouthinkthecontest?--IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContestwent____successfullylastnight.

5.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitinyouwouldhavemadefewermistakes.

☆句型詮釋☆

1.Thereasonwhyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.他沒能上電影學(xué)院是因為他的分?jǐn)?shù)太低了。

該句巾的why引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)表語從句。

1.句中that引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內(nèi)容，往往被看作是固定句型：Thereasonis/wasthatclause.當(dāng)主語是reason/cause時，一般不能用because或why引導(dǎo)表語從句，以免造成語意重復(fù)。當(dāng)主語是This/That時，可以由because/why引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如：OnereasonisthatpeopletraveledtoAmericafromallEuropeancountries.【考例】(NMET1999)

--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[考查目標(biāo)]表語從句。[答案與解析]A句子的意思是“那就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。2.why在句中是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞reason，同時它在定語從句中作狀語，此時why=forwhich，但要注意：關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，要用關(guān)系代詞that或which。

【考例】(201*上海春招)Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。

[答案與解析]Awhat，how不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，排除B、C兩項；thereason在定語從句中作explained的賓語，可填that/which，或者也可以省略。

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.好多看過這個片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面．就不敢下海游泳了。

該句是一個復(fù)雜長句，從when到句子末尾是狀語從句，在從句中包含一個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people。例如：ThosewhowanttogocampingnextSundaysignyournameherebeforeclassisover.

定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇，要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則，所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物；“顧后”即后面的定語從句，看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如：Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.(狀語)/Thisisthefactory(that/which)hevisited.(賓語)

【考例】(NMET1992)Inthedarkstreet，therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。

[答案與解析]D“turntosbforhelp”為固定短語，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選towhom。3.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.當(dāng)有人問起他成功的秘訣時。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。

該句中的"when"是時間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中，如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，而且從句謂語動詞是be或包含be時，常常將從句主語與be省略。例如：AlthoughborninChicago,theauthorisfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.

【考例】(201*上海春招)Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.inviting

C.beinginvitedD.havinginvited

[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象。

[答案與解析]Aunless為連詞，后面省略了youare，所以選invited。

4.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.在餐桌上，懂禮節(jié)意味著你知道如何使用刀叉，何時祝酒以及如何在用餐時舉止得體。

該句中havinggoodmanners為v-ing形式作主語。例如：Collectingstampsisoneofhishobbies.▲友情提示：在v-ing形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成v-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作主語、賓語。

【考例5】(201*上海)Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he"dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,too

C.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobby

D.collectingcoinsgiveshimgreatpleasure[考查目標(biāo)]v-ing作主語。

[答案與解析]DA、B、C三項句法都無錯誤，但在and連接的并列句中，兩個簡單句的主語要保持一致的形式fishingandcollectingcoins分別做兩個簡單句的主語。

5.It"spolitetofinisheatingeverythingonyourplate,sodon"ttakemorefoodthanyouneed.餐盤里的東西要吃光才禮貌，所以不要多拿。

該句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為tofinisheating例如：It"snotrighttotelllies.撒謊是不對的。

it作為形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語。常見的句型有：1.It+be+adj.+todosth2.It+be+n.+todosth

3.It+be+PP.todosth

【考例】(201*上海)Infact____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.

A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[考查目標(biāo)]形式主語。

[答案與解析]D只有it才可以作形式主語�！揪湫蜌w納】

1.When/While/Though/Unless/If+n./adj./現(xiàn)在分詞／過去分詞狀語從句有些成分有時可省略，一般是主語和be省略；有時it和be可以省略：Hemadenoanswerwhen(heis)spokento./Though(hewas)borninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork./Comebackearlyif(itis)possible.[注意]用法詳見Chapter10語法活用“省略和插入語”。2.Notonly/justbut(also)連接相同的句子成分

NotonlytheteacherbutallthestudentsaregoingtovisittheScienceMuseum.(連接主語時根據(jù)就近原則)/Theynotonlysangbut(also)dancedforawholenight./Manypeoplegotoseethisfilmnotjustbecausethefilmisinteresting,butalsotheleadingactorsandactressesareallworldfamous./Notonlydowelearnforourcountry,butwe"llworkforherinthefuture.(連接句子時，notonly后的句子要部分倒裝)

[牛刀小試3]

1.Thereason____youfailed,Ithink,was____youhadturnedadeafeartoyourmother"sadvice.

A.that;becauseB.why;because

C.why;thatD.forthat;that

2.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.(201*全國卷I)

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(201*上海春招)A.completedB.completing

C.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

4.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(201*上海)A.Thepresidentwillattend

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