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人教版八下政治第一二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

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人教版八下政治第一二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

人教版八下政治第一、二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1.什么是公民權(quán)利和公民的基本權(quán)利?(八年級(jí)下P5)

公民權(quán)利:指的是憲法和法律確認(rèn)并賦予公民享有的某些權(quán)益。

公民基本權(quán)利:由憲法規(guī)定的公民權(quán)利,是公民最主要、最根本的權(quán)利。2.我國(guó)如何保障公民的權(quán)利?(八年級(jí)下P67)

我們享有的權(quán)利,需要來(lái)自家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)及他人的保障,否則權(quán)利就會(huì)落空。其中最重要、最有效的是法律保障。我國(guó)建立了以憲法為核心、以立法保障和司法保障為主要內(nèi)容的權(quán)利保障體制,保障公民的權(quán)利。

3.我國(guó)公民權(quán)利的立法保障和司法保障各是什么?(八年級(jí)下P7)

立法保障:就是將公民的權(quán)利以法律的形式確認(rèn)下來(lái),運(yùn)用國(guó)家強(qiáng)制力加以維護(hù)。司法保障:是指通過(guò)法律制裁各種侵權(quán)行為,保障公民的權(quán)利。4.當(dāng)我們的合法權(quán)利受到侵害時(shí)該怎么辦?(P7)

當(dāng)我們的合法權(quán)利受到侵害時(shí),有權(quán)向人民法院提起訴訟,要求恢復(fù)被侵害的權(quán)利,賠償造成的損失,懲罰侵權(quán)者,討回公道。

5.我國(guó)公民的基本權(quán)利有哪些?(八年級(jí)下P9)

公民的基本權(quán)利涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,涵蓋家庭生活、學(xué)校生活、社會(huì)生活等諸多方面。具體包括:①平等權(quán);②政治權(quán)利和自由;③宗教信仰自由;④人身自由權(quán)利;⑤對(duì)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和工作人員的批評(píng)、建議、申訴、控告、檢舉權(quán),取得賠償權(quán);⑥社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利;⑦教育、科學(xué)、文化權(quán)利和自由;⑧婦女的權(quán)利,婚姻、家庭、兒童和老人受到國(guó)家保護(hù);⑨華僑、歸僑和僑眷的合法權(quán)益受法律保護(hù)。6.公民應(yīng)該怎樣正確行使權(quán)利?(八年級(jí)下P10--11)①公民在行使權(quán)利時(shí)要尊重他人權(quán)利。

②公民在行使權(quán)利時(shí),不得損害國(guó)家的、社會(huì)的、集體的利益。③要在法律允許的范圍內(nèi)行使權(quán)利。④要以合法方式行使權(quán)利。

7.公民的法定義務(wù)是什么?基本義務(wù)又是什么?(八年級(jí)下P14,16)法定義務(wù):是由憲法和法律規(guī)定公民必須履行的義務(wù)。

基本義務(wù):我國(guó)憲法規(guī)定的公民義務(wù)是公民的基本義務(wù)。具體包括:維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和全國(guó)各民族團(tuán)結(jié);保守國(guó)家秘密;愛(ài)護(hù)公共財(cái)物,遵守勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律,遵守公共秩序,尊重社會(huì)公德;維護(hù)國(guó)家安全、榮譽(yù)和利益;依法服兵役和參加民兵組織;依法納稅。8.公民權(quán)利和義務(wù)的關(guān)系是什么?(八年級(jí)下P15)

在我國(guó),公民的權(quán)利和義務(wù)具有一致性。我們每個(gè)人既是享受權(quán)利的主體,又是履行義務(wù)的主體。我們不僅要增強(qiáng)權(quán)利觀念,依法行使權(quán)利、維護(hù)權(quán)利,而且要增強(qiáng)義務(wù)觀念,依法履行義務(wù)。

9、如何忠實(shí)履行義務(wù)?(八年級(jí)下P1821)①法律鼓勵(lì)做的,我們積極去做②法律要求做的,我們必須去做③法律禁止做的,我們堅(jiān)決不做

10.人身權(quán)利的含義及內(nèi)容?(八年級(jí)下P25:相關(guān)鏈接)

人身權(quán)利是公民最基本、最重要的權(quán)利,公民的人身權(quán)利包括人格權(quán)和身份權(quán)。

人格權(quán)人們與生俱來(lái)的做人的基本權(quán)利:生命健康權(quán)、人身自由權(quán)、人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)(姓名權(quán)、肖像權(quán)、名譽(yù)權(quán)、隱私權(quán)等)人身權(quán)身份權(quán)人們基于特定身份而享有的人身權(quán):親權(quán)、配偶權(quán)、監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)等11.法律對(duì)公民的人身自由權(quán)的保護(hù)(八年級(jí)下P25)(1)什么是人身自由權(quán)?

公民的人身自由權(quán)利,是指公民的身體由自己支配和控制,非經(jīng)法定程序不受逮捕、拘禁、搜查和侵犯的權(quán)利。

(2)公民的人身自由權(quán)利的地位、重要性:①人身自由是一項(xiàng)重要的人身權(quán)利。②人身權(quán)利是我們參加各種活動(dòng),充分享受其他各種權(quán)利的基本保障。(3)法律對(duì)公民的人身自由權(quán)是如何保護(hù)的?法律賦予我們廣泛的行動(dòng)自由權(quán),任何組織和個(gè)人都不得侵害公民的人身自由,類(lèi)似非法搜身、非法禁閉、非法拘禁等限制或剝奪公民人身自由的行為,都為法律所禁止。12.公民生命健康權(quán)的地位、重要性是什么?(八年級(jí)下P26)①生命健康權(quán)是公民首要的人身權(quán)利,是公民最基本的人身權(quán)利;②生命健康權(quán)是公民參加一切社會(huì)活動(dòng)、享有其他一切權(quán)利的基礎(chǔ);③生命一旦喪失,任何權(quán)利都失去了意義。

13.我國(guó)保護(hù)公民生命健康權(quán)的法律有哪些?(八年級(jí)下P27)《憲法》《刑法》《民法通則》《治安管理處罰法》14.怎樣自覺(jué)維護(hù)生命健康權(quán)?(八年級(jí)下P2829)(1)積極維護(hù)自己的生命健康權(quán):

①我們有權(quán)珍愛(ài)生命,維護(hù)健康,積極鍛煉身體,提高健康水平,使自己擁有強(qiáng)健的體魄和煥發(fā)向上的精神;②有權(quán)在患病時(shí)及時(shí)醫(yī)治,恢復(fù)健康,增強(qiáng)體質(zhì);③當(dāng)自身生命健康受到他人非法侵害時(shí),有權(quán)依法自衛(wèi)和請(qǐng)求法律保護(hù)。

(2)要關(guān)愛(ài)他人的生命和健康:①任何人都負(fù)有不得侵害他人生命健康權(quán)的道德義務(wù)和法定義務(wù),即使大義滅親也不允許,不得故意或過(guò)失造成他人受傷、生病;②關(guān)愛(ài)他人的生命健康,遠(yuǎn)離暴力,做一個(gè)既遵守法律又樂(lè)于助人的人。15.什么是人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)?(八年級(jí)下P35)

作為“人”的最起碼的社會(huì)地位和受到他人與社會(huì)最起碼尊重的權(quán)利,這種權(quán)利就是人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)。這種權(quán)利表現(xiàn)為自尊和他尊兩方面。

16.人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)包括哪些內(nèi)容?(八年級(jí)下P35)

名譽(yù)權(quán)、肖像權(quán)、姓名權(quán)、隱私權(quán)、生命健康權(quán)、自由權(quán)等。補(bǔ)充:

17.名譽(yù)權(quán)的含義及表現(xiàn)(八年級(jí)下P38)

名譽(yù)權(quán)是人們依法享有的對(duì)自己所獲得的客觀社會(huì)評(píng)價(jià)排除他人侵害的權(quán)利。主要表現(xiàn)為:名譽(yù)利益支配權(quán)和名譽(yù)維護(hù)權(quán)。

18.侵犯名譽(yù)權(quán)的行為有哪些?(八年級(jí)下P38、39)

①侮辱:指語(yǔ)言、文字或暴力手段貶損他人人格、損害他人名譽(yù)的行為,分為口頭侮辱、文字侮辱和暴力侮辱。

②誹謗:指無(wú)中生有、捏造并散布虛假的事實(shí),惡意中傷他人的行為,分為口頭誹謗和文字誹謗。③新聞報(bào)道失實(shí)。④誣告。

19.什么是肖像?肖像的表現(xiàn)方式有哪些?(八年級(jí)下P40)

肖像是以容貌為中心的人體形象的再現(xiàn)。肖像的表現(xiàn)方式:繪畫(huà)(自畫(huà)像)、雕塑、剪紙、照相、攝像等。

20.肖像的地位是什么?(八年級(jí)下P40)肖像權(quán)包括哪些內(nèi)容?(八年級(jí)下P41)肖像也是每個(gè)人人格的基本標(biāo)志。肖像權(quán)包括:肖像制作權(quán)、使用權(quán)和獲酬權(quán)。21.侵害肖像權(quán)行為有哪些?(八年級(jí)下P41.d2)(1)以營(yíng)利為目的使用公民的肖像(廣告、雜志封面、掛歷),就必須取得肖像權(quán)本人的同意,否則就構(gòu)成侵權(quán)。(2),惡意毀損、玷污、丑化公民肖像。(3)以肖像進(jìn)行人身攻擊等。

22.什么是姓名權(quán)?(八年級(jí)下P43)

姓名權(quán)是指公民依法享有決定、使用、變更姓名,并且排除他人侵害的權(quán)利。

年滿18周歲的成年人有權(quán)自主決定自己起什么名字;有權(quán)決定、使用自己的姓名、筆名、藝名;有權(quán)依照規(guī)定變更姓名。但是未成年人和精神病患者的姓名權(quán)由其監(jiān)護(hù)人代為行使。22.什么是隱私?(含義)(P46).保護(hù)隱私的意義(必要性)是什么?(八年級(jí)下P4748)隱私是指公民不愿意為人所知或不愿意公開(kāi)的,與公共利益無(wú)關(guān)的個(gè)人私生活秘密。它包括三個(gè)方面內(nèi)容:私人信息、個(gè)人私事、私人空間(P46頁(yè))保護(hù)隱私的意義:

(1)是人格獨(dú)立自由的需要;

(2)是人們對(duì)自身安寧和安全的需要;

(3)是建設(shè)以人為本、崇尚人性與個(gè)性的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的需要。

23.隱私權(quán)的含義是什么?(八年級(jí)下P48)隱私權(quán)的內(nèi)容是什么?(八年級(jí)下P48-50)隱私權(quán)是指公民依法享有私人生活安寧和私人信息保密的權(quán)利。隱私權(quán)的內(nèi)容:(1)私人生活安寧權(quán)(2)個(gè)人信息保密權(quán)(3)私人通信保密權(quán)24.應(yīng)該怎么尊重他人的隱私?(八年級(jí)下P51-52)(1)樹(shù)立隱私意識(shí)

(2)需要強(qiáng)化責(zé)任與信譽(yù)意識(shí),要替親人、朋友保守秘密。25.侵害隱私權(quán)的行為有哪些?(八年級(jí)下P53)(1)監(jiān)視、窺視他人私生活;(2)以偷看日記、私拆信件等手段千方百計(jì)刺探他人的秘密;(3)道聽(tīng)途說(shuō)傳播他人的隱私;(4)非法利用他人的個(gè)人信息等,都屬于侵害隱私權(quán)的行為。

26.如何自覺(jué)尊重和維護(hù)我們的隱私權(quán)(八年級(jí)下P55)(1)尊重自己的隱私權(quán)。(2)尊重他人的隱私權(quán)。(3)依法維護(hù)隱私權(quán)。

擴(kuò)展閱讀:八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)第一二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及聯(lián)系【人教版】

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯(1)

人民教育出版社

1.fallv.comeorgodownfromforceofweight,lossofbalance,etc;drop;become落下;跌落;變成示例

Thebookfellofftheshelf.這本書(shū)從架子上掉了下來(lái)。用法

fall用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要有兩種用法。一種是作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,可以和介詞或副詞搭配,表示“落下;跌落”,例如:Ifellbackinmychair.我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一種是作為系動(dòng)詞,與形容詞連用,表示進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài),如:fallasleep入睡(進(jìn)入睡眠的狀態(tài))。fall的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式是fallen。fall用作名詞時(shí),表示“落下;降低”,例如:Isatlisteningtothefalloftherainontheroof.我坐著聽(tīng)雨點(diǎn)落在屋檐上的聲音。fall還可以表示“秋天”,與autumn意思相同。詞匯擴(kuò)展

常用搭配:fallasleep入睡fallbehind落后于(某人或某物)falldown跌落fallinlovewith喜愛(ài);愛(ài)上falloff掉下fallover跌落;被絆倒

諺語(yǔ):Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不進(jìn)則退。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕兵必?cái) ?/p>

2.aloneadv.Withoutanycompanions獨(dú)自地;孤獨(dú)地示例

Idon"tlikegoingoutaloneafterdark.我不愿意天黑后獨(dú)自外出。用法

解析along和lonely:

(1)alone既可用作形容詞,又可用作副詞,意思是“獨(dú)自的(地);單獨(dú)的(地)”,側(cè)重于說(shuō)明獨(dú)自一人,沒(méi)有同伴或助手。alone和onone"sown,byoneself意思相近。alone用作形容詞時(shí),一般與be動(dòng)詞連用,在句中作表語(yǔ)。例如:Sheisaloneathome.她獨(dú)自一人在家。alone用作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。例如:Iliketoworkalone.我喜歡獨(dú)自一人工作。alone用作副詞時(shí),也可作定語(yǔ),意思是“只有;僅僅”,但必須置于它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例如:Thisyearalone,we"vealreadyplantedtenthousandtrees.僅是今年,我們已經(jīng)載了一萬(wàn)顆樹(shù)。

(2)lonely只用作形容詞,它在句中既可作定語(yǔ),也可作表語(yǔ),表示“孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的”。該詞帶有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定語(yǔ)時(shí),意思為“孤單的;荒涼的;偏僻的”等。例如:That"salonelyisland.那是一個(gè)荒涼的島嶼。Lonely用作表語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表示“孤寂的;寂寞的”。例如:IwasalonebutIdidn"tfeellonely.我獨(dú)自一人,但我并不感到孤獨(dú)。詞匯拓展

常用搭配:let/leavesomebody/somethingalone不干涉某人或某物;聽(tīng)其自然letalone不管;不必考慮

諺語(yǔ):Anevilchanceseldomcomesalone.禍不單行

3.dressv.putclothesonyourselforsomeoneelse穿衣示例

Issheoldenoughtodressherselfyet?她會(huì)自己穿衣服了嗎?用法

dress還可以用作名詞,表示“女服;連衣裙;服裝”。例如:Maryworealongreddresslastevening.瑪麗昨晚穿了件紅色的連衣長(zhǎng)裙。

辨析dress,puton和wear:

(1)用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),dress既可以表動(dòng)作,也可以表狀態(tài),常用人作賓語(yǔ),意思是“穿衣服”,例如:Sheisonlyagirlofthree.Shecan"tdressherself.她只是一個(gè)三歲的女孩,她還不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是,在表示“給自己穿衣”時(shí),我們通常說(shuō)dressoneself(=getdressed);當(dāng)dress表示狀態(tài)時(shí),一般要用bedressedin結(jié)構(gòu),例如:Shewasdressedinaredcoat.她穿著一件紅色的上衣。

(2)puton意思是“穿(戴)上”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。例如:Heputonhiscoatandwentout.他穿上大衣就出去了。(3)wear意思是“穿(戴)著”,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。例如:Lucy"smotheroftenwearsapairofglasses.露西的母親常常戴著一副眼鏡。詞匯擴(kuò)展

常用搭配:dress(somebody)up(insomething/assomebodyorsomething)化妝打扮諺語(yǔ):Eattopleasemyself,butdresstopleaseothers.吃是使自己受用,穿是使別人受用。

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯(2)

人民教育出版社

1.unpleasantadj.notpleasant;notenjoyable使人不愉快的;不合意的示例

Thereisanunpleasantsmellfromthisroom.這屋子里散發(fā)出一種難聞的氣味。用法

unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的;討厭的”,例如:Ifoundhismannerveryunpleasant.我覺(jué)得他的態(tài)度討厭極了。詞匯拓展

相關(guān)詞:unpleasantlyadv.厭惡地反義詞:pleasantadj.令人愉快的記憶導(dǎo)航

unpleasant是由pleasant加上否定前綴un-構(gòu)成的。類(lèi)似這種構(gòu)詞法的詞還有:able有能力的unable沒(méi)有能力的;happy高興的unhappy不高興的。

2.hundredn.thenumber100;averylargenumberofthingsorpeople(一)百;許多(事物或人)示例

Thetreewasprobablyahundredyearsold.這棵樹(shù)可能已經(jīng)有一百年了。

Hundredsofpeopleattendedthefamousdirector"sfarewellconcert.好幾百人出席了這位著名指揮家的告別音樂(lè)會(huì)。用法

hundred用于數(shù)詞或含有數(shù)量意義的詞之后,一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:threehundred,afewhundred等。但當(dāng)hundred表示“成百的;許多的”意思時(shí),它面前不用具體數(shù)字,而常用hundredsof結(jié)構(gòu)。注意hundred在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面可加some,afew,several等詞修飾。例如:Hercoatcosthundredsofdollars.她的大衣價(jià)值幾百美元。類(lèi)似的搭配還有thousandsof數(shù)以千計(jì)的;許多的,millionsof數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的;無(wú)數(shù)的。詞匯拓展

諺語(yǔ):Onegoodheadisbetterthanahundredstronghands.上百雙有力的手,不如一個(gè)聰明的頭腦。

Tohearahundredtimesisnotsogoodastoseeonce.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。

3.suchadj.ofthesamekindasthethingorpersonwhichhasalreadybeenmentioned這(那)樣的;這(那)種示例

Henoticedhernecklace.Suchjewelsmusthavecostalot,hethought.他注意到了她的項(xiàng)鏈。他想,這樣的首飾肯定價(jià)格不菲。用法

辨析such和so:

(1)such是形容詞,意思是“這(那)樣的;這(那)種;如此的”,修飾名詞。例如:Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplacebefore.我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這么美的地方。需要特別注意的是,such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),應(yīng)該按照如下詞序:such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

(2)so是副詞,意思是“這(那)么;這(那)樣;如此地”,修飾形容詞、副詞和分詞。例如:Ihaveneverseensobeautifulaplacebefore.我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這么美的地方。同樣,需要特別注意的是,so修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),應(yīng)該按照如下詞序:so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。此外,當(dāng)名詞前有few,many,little,much等修飾詞時(shí),要用so。例如:somanypeople,sofewdays,somuchtime,solittlemoney等。詞匯拓展

常用搭配:suchas例如suchandsuch某某;這樣那樣的諺語(yǔ):There"snosuchthingasafreelunch.世上沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐。

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯(3)

人民教育出版社

1.inprep.在……之后(用于將來(lái)時(shí))in100years在一百年后

Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomesin100years.一百年以后,人們家中會(huì)有機(jī)器人。

比較:after在……之后(用于過(guò)去時(shí),表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間起一段時(shí)間之后)Hewillcomebackintwohours.他兩小時(shí)后會(huì)回來(lái)。Hecamebackaftertwohours.他是兩小時(shí)后回來(lái)的。

2.less,fewer比較少;more比較多l(xiāng)ess是little的比較級(jí),修飾不可數(shù)名詞fewer是few的比較級(jí),修飾可數(shù)名詞more是much和many的比較級(jí)

much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,many修飾可數(shù)名詞Ihavelessmoneythanhehas.我的錢(qián)比他的少。Therearemorebuildinginthiscitythaninthatcity.這個(gè)城市的樓房比那個(gè)城市多。

3.fallinlovewith...愛(ài)上……

LastyearIvisitedtheartexhibitionandfellinlovewiththeworkofPicasso.去年我參觀了藝術(shù)展,愛(ài)上了畢加索的作品。

4.akindof...一種;somekindsof...幾種akindofbook一種書(shū)fivekindsofflowers五種花

manydifferentkindsofgoldfish各種不同的金魚(yú)(fish單復(fù)數(shù)相同,此處是復(fù)數(shù))

5.aswellas也;與too同義

Helikesthisbookandhelikesthatbook,too./Helikesthisbookaswellasthatbook.他喜歡這本書(shū),也喜歡那本書(shū)。Shecancomehere,too./Shecancomehereaswell.她也能來(lái)。

6.worthadj.值……;值得……;相當(dāng)于……價(jià)值

Thishouseisworth$10000.這個(gè)房子價(jià)值一萬(wàn)美元。be(well)worthdoingsth.(很)值得做

Thatfilmis(well)worthseeing.那部電影(很)值得看。Thesebooksareworthreadingtwice.這幾本書(shū)值得看兩遍。

7.knockdown...擊倒,撞倒;拆除knockdownthepins擊倒球柱knockdownthemachine拆除機(jī)器knock組成的詞語(yǔ)還有:knockon(at)thedoor敲門(mén)knockintosb.撞了某人knockup叫醒

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯(4)人民教育出版社

1.predictionn.預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè)

predictv.predict+that后接從句,如

Theweatherforecastpredictssunshinefortomorrow.天氣預(yù)告說(shuō)明天陽(yáng)光明媚。Ipredictthathewillwin.我預(yù)測(cè)他會(huì)贏。

2.papermoney

papern.紙,紙張,是不可數(shù)名詞,如apieceofpaper。papermoney中paper是名詞做定語(yǔ),表材質(zhì),只用單數(shù)。newspapern.報(bào)紙,可數(shù)名詞

6

3.spacen.表示“宇宙,空間時(shí)”,不可數(shù)名詞;通常前面不用冠詞。Therearemanystarsinouterspace.在太空中有很多恒星。

Travelthroughspacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeople.現(xiàn)在很多人對(duì)穿越太空去其他星球旅行感興趣。

4.besidesprep.除了……還;相當(dāng)于aswellas,inadditionto。如:Besidesbasketball,healsoplayssoccerwell.除了打籃球以外,他踢足球也踢得很好。AllofuspassedbesidesJohn.除了約翰外,我們也都及格了。IalsowenttherebesidesMary.除了瑪麗我也去了。

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)廣東省教育廳教研室

1.---WhatdoyouthinkSallywillbeinfiveyears?---Ithinkshe"llbeadoctor.

2.---Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein100years?---Everyhomewillhavearobot.

3.---Willkidsgotoschool?

---No,theywon"t.They"llstudyathome.

7

4.---Therewillbefewertrees.

5.robot,creditcard,leisuretime,pollution,astronaut,apartment,rockets,spacestation,moon,fewer,less,fallinlovewith,WorldCup,inthefuture,thesameas,helpwith

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobot?寫(xiě)作

人民教育出版社

學(xué)校要舉辦Myfutureisnotadream.的演講比賽,請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇演講稿參加比賽。參考句型及詞匯:Intenyearsormore,Iwill...try,studyhard,keepfit,workwell,makeachievement,achievesuccess...寫(xiě)作點(diǎn)撥:寫(xiě)演講稿時(shí)應(yīng)注意:

1.就本文來(lái)說(shuō)可先描述對(duì)未來(lái)的暢想,然后寫(xiě)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的夢(mèng)想應(yīng)該如何去做,最后表明自己的決心。2.暢想未來(lái)時(shí),應(yīng)用一般講來(lái)時(shí)。

參考范文:

MyFutureisnotadream.

Future!Whatanexcitingword!

VeryoftenIaskmyself:"Whatwillthefuturebelike?"SometimesIsitatmydesk,daydreaming.CouldImakegreatachievementinthefuture?Willmyfuturebeabedofrose?CanIgraspthechanceswhentheycometome?

Intenyearsormore,willIbeworkingasascientist,ateacherorasoldier?Afterwork,whatotherthingscanIdo?MaybeIcangotomanyplacesandseetheworld.AndI"llhavemoreleisurehoursforbooks.TherearesomanybooksIwanttoread.I"llgoswimmingintherealsea,andtoskateonrealice!

Facingthefuture,Icouldn"thelpfeelingexcited.Asajuniormiddleschoolstudent,firstofallImuststudyhard,keepfitandworkwell.Furthermore,IwilllearnEnglishwell.I"lldomybestandI"msureI"llachievesuccess.

Ifeelconfidentformyfuture.

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?閱讀(1)

人民教育出版社

ReadthefollowingpassageandChoosethebestanswers.(讀短文,選擇最佳答案。)

Peoplebegantomakerobotsaboutseveralhundredyearsago.Inthepast,someoftheearlyoneslookedlikeanimalsorhumans.However,theycouldn"ttalkandwereprettydumb.Theyworkedlikeclocksanddidthesamethingsoverandover.

Nowmodernrobotsdon"talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines;othersarenothingbutlongarmsattachedtoboxy(箱子般四方)bodies.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.Theirbrainsarecomputersandtheireyesaresensors(傳感器).Motors(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))helpthemmove.

Inthefuture,robotswilllearnfromtheirmistakesmorethantheydonow.Theywillbesmarter.It"spossiblethatwewillhaverobotjudges,robothouse-holdworkers,androbotfactoryworkers.Robotswillhelppeopletodomorethings.

()1.Howlongisthehistoryofrobots?A.Hundredsofyears.B.Severalhundredyears.

C.Sevenhundredsyears.

()2.What"sthepossiblemeaningof"dumb"?A.Talkinglikepeople.

B.Clever.C.Unintelligent.

()3.Mostrobotslooklikepeople.A.Inthepast.

B.Now.C.Inthefuture.

()4.Whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutmodernrobots?A.Somerobotscansolveproblemsontheirown.B.Somerobotsarelikebigmachines.C.Somerobots"brainsaresensors.

()5.Whatcan"trobotsdointhefutureaccordingtothepassage?A.Theycanhelppeopledohousework.B.Theycanworkinfactory.C.Theycanhavebrainsaspeople.

參考答案:

1.B2.C3.A4.C5.C

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?閱讀(2)

人民教育出版社

WriteTfortrueorFforfaIseforeachsentenceaccordingtothepassage.(根據(jù)短文判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)。)

Robotsseemverynewtomostpeople.Buttheyhavealonghistory.ThefirstonewasmadebyaGreekinventor.Youmayseerobotsinsomefilms.Therobotsinthesefilmsarestronger,fasterandclevererthanpeople.Inreallife,mostrobotsareusedinfactories.Theyareusedtodomanydangerous,difficultorboringjobs.Somepeoplecan"tlookafterthemselvesandrobotsareusedtohelpthem.Forexample,somepeoplecan"tsee,manyofthesepeopleuseadogtohelpthemselvesmovearound.Thisdogiscalledaguidedog.Scientistsaremakingarobottohelpthem.Inthefuture,robotdogsmighttaketheplaceoftheseguidedogs.

RobotsarealsousedinAmericanhospitals.Atonehospital,arobottakesmealsfromthekitchentothesickpeople"srooms.Itneverlosesitswaybecauseithasamapofthehospitalinitscomputersystem.

Inthefuture,robotswillworkinspace.Butrobotswillnevertaketheplaceofhumanhelp.Theycan,however,helpUSinalotofdifferentways.

()1.Robotshavealonghistory.

()2.ThefirstrobotwasinventedbyaGreek.()3.Robotscanonlybeseeninfilms.

()4。Robotscanhelpsomepeoplelookafterthemselves.()5.Today"srobotshavequiteafewdifferentuses.

()6.ArobotcooksmealsforthesickpeopleatanAmericanhospital.()7.Robotscanhelphumansalotbothnowandinthefuture.

參考答案:

1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?測(cè)試

人民教育出版社

Ⅰ.Vocabulary

Choosethephrasestofillintheblanks,accordingtothesentences.A.in201*B.morepeopleC.fewerholidaysD.morefreshairE.a(chǎn)fterwefinishmiddleschoolF.tenyearsfromnowG.lesspollutionH.betterhospitalsI.inthefutureJ.nextyearA:Whatdoyouthinkourcitywillbelike________/________/________/________/________?B:Therewillbe________/________/________/________.

Ⅱ.Choosethecorrectanswers.

()1.Ithinkkidswillstudyathomeoncomputerstenyears.

11

A.a(chǎn)tB.forC.a(chǎn)fterD.in()2.Hurryup!Thetrainintwominutes.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.goes()3.Myfatherwasthanheisnow.A.thinnerB.thinC.lessD.few

()4.Theboyoffthebikeandhurthislegyesterday.A.fallB.fellC.fallsD.willfall()5.Ihavehomeworktodothanyou.

A.muchlessB.muchC.verylittleD.fewer()6.Doyoulikeplayingfootballorplayingviolin?A.the,theB.the,/C./,theD./,/()7.IthinkthatEnglandnexttime.

A.willwinB.wonC.iswinningD.wins()8.Hismotherinavillagefiveyearsago.A.livesB.livedC.islivingD.willlive()9.seemsveryhardtoworkoutthisproblem.A.ThatB.ThisC.ID.It

()10.Thereisonlytimeleft.Wemusthurry.A.LittleB.a(chǎn)1ittleC.fewD.a(chǎn)few

Ⅲ.Formsentences.

1.1ess,in,will,years,there,pollution,be,100

.2.won"t,be,any,there,money,paper

.

3.will,there,time,more,leisure,be

.4.the,which,win,World,country,will,next,Cup

?5.think,you,weather,what,the,do,like,will,be,tomorrow

?

Ⅳ.Fillintheblankswiththesephrases.like,worth,interesting,more,less,creditcard,spacestation,aswellas1.Iwillbeareporterandmeetmanypeople.2.Aistheplacetoliveinspace.

3.Everyonewillhaveatobuythingsin100years.4.TheworkofPicassoiswellbuying.5.Whatwillyour1ifebeintenyears?6.Skiingisinterestingexciting.

7.Therewillbemoneycomingtothetsunami(海嘯)area.8.IhaveleisuretimethistermbecauseIhavealotofhomework.

V.Readingcomprehension

A

TomandFredaretalkingabouttheyear2020."Whatwillourworldbelikeintheyear2020?""Idon"tknow."saysFred."Whatdoyouthink?""Well,nooneknows,butIt"sinterestingtoguess.""Intheyear2020everyonewillcarryapocketcomputer.Thecomputerwillgivepeopletheanswerstoalltheirproblems.Weshallallhavetelephonesinourpockets,too,andwe"llbeabletotalktoourfriendsallovertheworld.Perhapswe"llbeabletoseethematthesametime.""Alotofpeoplewillliveandworkunderthesea.Perhapstherewillbebigtowns,factoriesandfarmsunderthesea,too.""Machineswilldomostofthework,andsopeoplewillhavemoreholidays,perhapsthey"llworkonlytwoorthree

daysaweek.They"llbeabletoflytothemoonbyspaceshipandspendtheirholidaysthere.""I"mlookingforward(期待)totheyear2020.Ihopetogotothemoon!""AndIhopeI"llbeabletoliveunderthesea."saysFred."Won"tthatbeveryinteresting?Justlikeafish!"

()1.TomandFredtalkedabout.A.theirschoollife

B.someinterestingnewsC.theirlifeinthepast

D.theirlifeinthefuture()2.Machineswill.

A.domostoftheworkinsteadofpeopleB.dosomeoftheworkinsteadofpeopleC.doasmuchworkaspeopleD.doas1ittleworkaspeople

()3.Fromtheirtalk,weknowthat.A.onlyFredhopestoflytothemoonB.bothofthemhopetoflytothemoonC.oneofthemhopestoflytothemoonD.neitherofthemhopestoflytothemoon()4.Fredsaid.A.helikedfishverymuch

B.hewouldliketoliveunderthesealikeafishC.hewouldgofishingundertheseaD.hewouldspendafewdaysonthemoon

()5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotmentioned?A.Peoplewillbeabletoflytothemooninaspaceship.B.Peoplewillhavemoreholidays.

C.Manypeoplewillliveandworkunderthesea.D.Allthefactoriesandfarmswillbebuiltunderthesea.

B

Peopleusemoneytobuyfood,booksandhundredsofotherthingstheyneed.Whentheywork,theyusuallygetpaidinmoney.

Mostofthemoneyusedtodayismadeofmetalorpaper.Butinthetimelongago,peopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.Oneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshells.

InChina,clothandkniveswereusedasmoney.Elephanttusks(牙),monkeytailandsaltwereusedinsomepartsoftheworld.Ricewasalsoakindofmoneyusedbythepeopleinsomeislands.Someanimalswereusedasmoney,too.ThefirstcoppercoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecenter.Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsfortheirmoney.Later,somecountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver(銀).Butgoldandsilverwereheavytocarrywhenpeopleneededalotofcoinstobuysomethingexpensive.TheChinesewerethefirsttousepapermoney.Thefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanthepapermoneyusedtoday.

Moneyhashadaninterestingstoryfromthedaysofshellmoneytilltoday.()1.Peopleusuallyusemoney.A.tobuygold

B.togetsomethingtheywantC.tobuyshells

D.tobuysomethingexpensive

()2.Long,longagopeopleallovertheworldusedasmoney.A.thesamemetal

B.thesamepaperC.thedifferentmetals

D.a(chǎn)llkindsofthings

()3.Inthepast,theancientChineseusedtohaveclothandknives.

A.a(chǎn)satool

B.a(chǎn)smoneyC.a(chǎn)sagift

D.a(chǎn)sakindofgoods

()4.wasalsoakindofmoneyusedbythepeopleinsomeislands.A.Gold

B.AnimalsC.RiceD.Knives

()5.Thefirstpapermoney.

A.lookedlikethesameasthepapermoneyusedtoday

B.1ookedinterestingC.1ookedlikeanote

D.hadasquareholeinthecenterⅥ.Writing

Imaginewhatyourschoolwillbelikein5years.Writeaboutittothenewspaper.(computer,library,playground,activity,beautiful,happy...)DearEditor,

Yours,

Erma

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?測(cè)試參考答案

人民教育出版社

Ⅰ.VocabularyA:A,E,F,I,JB:B,C,D,G,H

Ⅱ.Choosethecorrectanswers.

1.D2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.D10.B

Ⅲ.Formsentences.

1.Therewillbelesspollutionin100years.2.Therewon"tbeanypapermoney.3.Therewillbemoreleisuretime.

4.WhichcountrywillwinthenextWorldCup?5.Whatdoyouthinktheweatherwillbeliketomorrow?

Ⅳ.Fillintheblankswiththesephrases.

1.interesting2.spacestation3.creditcard4.worth5.like6.aswellas7.more

Ⅵ.Writing

(A)1.D2.A3.C4.B5.D(B)1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C

八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit2WhatshouldIdo?單元筆記

一丶重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.a(chǎn)rguev.爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)吵arguewithsb.與某人吵架Iarguedwithmybestfriend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。2.①eitheradv.(用于否定句)也

Hedoesn’thaveanymoney,andIdon’t,either.他沒(méi)有錢(qián),我也沒(méi)有。

8.lessIcan’tplaychess.Shecan’t,either.我不會(huì)下國(guó)際象棋,她也不會(huì)。②too也(用于肯定或疑問(wèn)句)

I’mateacher.Heisateacher,too.我是老師,他也是老師。3.a(chǎn)sk(sb.)forsth.向某人尋求某物;要

Don"taskforfoodeveryday.Goandfindsomework.別天天要飯,找點(diǎn)兒工作做。Idon’tthinkyoushouldaskyourparentsforsomemoney.我想你不應(yīng)向父母要錢(qián)。4.thesameas...與相同(注意前后兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象的屬性保持一致)Theclothesarethesameasmyfriends".這些衣服與我朋友的一樣。

TomisthesameageasAnna.=TomisasoldasAnna.湯姆和安娜一樣大。Herbackpackisthesameasmine.她的背包與我的一樣。5.except除以外;(不包括在內(nèi))

Myclasshasbeeninvitedexceptme.除我以外,我的同學(xué)都被邀請(qǐng)了。

Allthestudentswenttotheparkexcepthim.除了他之外,全體同學(xué)都去過(guò)公園了。TheyalltraveledAmericaexcepther.除了她以外,所有的學(xué)生都去美國(guó)旅行過(guò)。注意區(qū)別:besides除以外,還有...(包括在內(nèi))Weallwenttherebesideshim.除他去以外,我們也都去了。

(=Hewentthere.Wewentthere,too.)他也去了,我們也去了!/大家都去了!Therearefivemorevisitorsbesidesme.除了我之外還有5名訪客(加上我是6個(gè))6.wrongadj.錯(cuò)誤的;有毛病的;不合適的

─What"swrongwithyou?你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)─I"vegotaheadache.我頭痛。

What’swrongwithyourwatch?Itdoesn"twork.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。

注意:What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?你怎么了?/你出什么事了?

7.geton(well)withsb.與某人相處(融洽)geton(well)withsth某事進(jìn)展地好

Thestudentswillgetonwellwiththeteacher.學(xué)生會(huì)和老師相處得非常好。Howareyougoingonwithyournewfriends?你和你的新朋友相片如何?Thesedays,MrGreengetsonwellwithhisnewjob.這些天,格林先生的工作進(jìn)展很順利

8.haveafightwithsb.=fightwithsb.與某人打架

Idon‘twanttohaveafightwithmycousin.我不想和我的堂兄打架。Theyneverfightwitheachother.Theyarereallygoodfriends.他們從不打架,他們的確是好朋友。二、主要句型(KeySentencesStructures)

WhatshouldIdo?Youcouldwritehimaletter.Whatshouldhedo?MaybeheshouldsaysorrytohimWhatshouldtheydo?Theyshouldn"targue.

三、詞語(yǔ)辨析

1.borrowsth.fromsb.從某人處借進(jìn)某物(借回來(lái))

lendsth.tosb.=lendsb.sth把某物借給某人(借出去)注:borrowsth.fromsb.是指該句的主語(yǔ)從別人處(往里)借進(jìn)某物

例:HeborrowedthedictionaryfromLucyyesterday.他昨天從露西處借了那本字典.lendsth.tosb.=lendsb.sth.是指該句的主語(yǔ)把某物(往外)借給別人用例如:Couldyoulendmeyourcar?

=Couldyoulendyourcartome?請(qǐng)你借給我你的車(chē)用一下好嗎?

2.①getsb.todo使做(以人為對(duì)象時(shí),有“說(shuō)服使做”的含義)Hecouldgetatutortocometohishome.他可以請(qǐng)一位家庭教師來(lái)他家。You’llnevergethertoagree.你決不可能使她同意。②asksb.todo邀請(qǐng)(人)做

Weaskedhertocometoourparty.我們請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加聚會(huì)③tellsb.todo讓某人做某事例如:

Theteachertoldhimtofinishtheworkthatday.老師那天讓他完成那項(xiàng)工作。3、beinstyle時(shí)髦的,流行的beoutofstyle過(guò)時(shí)的,不時(shí)髦的

例:Look!Hernewdressisinstyle.她的新裙子很時(shí)髦。

Thoseclothesareoutofstyle.那些衣服過(guò)時(shí)了。四、課文解釋

1、Idon’twanttosurprisehim.我不想讓他感到意外。此處surprise是及物動(dòng)詞surprisesb.使某人感到吃驚eg.Myfriendalwayssurprisesme.

2、talkaboutitonthephone用電話就此事進(jìn)行交流

Onthephone在電話里。不能使用inthephone、eg.Theytalkaboutalotonthephoneyesterday.他們昨天在電話里談了很多

3、callsb.(up)=givesb.acall給某人打電話

4、writesb.aletter=writealettertosb.給某人寫(xiě)信

5、givehimatickettoaballgame.給他一張觀看球賽的入場(chǎng)券(注意to譯為:...的)eg.Theygottwoticketstotonight’sshow.他們搞了兩張今晚表演的入場(chǎng)券。6、ShehasthesamehaircutasIdo.她和我有相同的發(fā)型。

eg.Timhasthesameclothesashisbrotherdoes.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、findout(經(jīng)過(guò)某人的研究、努力)發(fā)現(xiàn),查出,找出

Youshouldfindouttheanswerforyourself.你應(yīng)該自己去找答案。8、Everyoneelseinmyclasswasinvitedexceptme.

19

除了我以外,我們班其他別的人都接到了邀請(qǐng)(信)

此句中else一詞不能單獨(dú)使用,它必須跟在不定代詞像“someone,anyonenobody”等詞的后面,或跟在特殊疑問(wèn)詞像“what,where”等詞的后面使用意思是“別的”

eg.Whatelse別的什么,Whoelse其他誰(shuí)someoneelse其他人9、Ican’tthinkwhatIdidwrong.我真想不出我做錯(cuò)了什么。此句中whatIdidwrong是賓語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序(即:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞)10、I’mveryupsetanddon’tknowwhattodo.我很沮喪,不知該干什么。

此句中whattodo是不定式作know的賓語(yǔ),可用賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)代替。可以說(shuō)成“Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.”

請(qǐng)大家背熟以下兩個(gè)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu):Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道該做什么。Idon’tknowhowtodoit.我不知道該怎么去做它。11、Therearealotofthingsyoucoulddo.有許多你能做的事。此句中youcoulddo是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的名詞“things”12、Youleftyourhomeworkathome.你把你的作業(yè)落在家里了。leavesth.+介詞短語(yǔ),是“把忘在,落在(某處)的意思。eg.Helefthisumbrellaonthebus.他把傘忘在公交車(chē)上。

注:千萬(wàn)不能根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的說(shuō)法寫(xiě)為:forgetsth,只能用leavesth.’表示“落下”13、Youshouldtrytobefunny.你應(yīng)該試著幽默一些。Trytodo努力做,試著做,盡量做而trynottodo是盡量不做

eg.Pleasetrynottobelateagain.請(qǐng)盡量不要再遲到。

14、Theirschooldaysarebusyenough.他們的學(xué)校生活是夠忙的。enough必須放在形容詞/副詞的后面,表示“足夠的”(后置)eg.Heistallenoughtoreachthatapple.他足夠高的可以夠著那個(gè)蘋(píng)果。15、beundertoomuchpressure.在太多的壓力下

16、seeotherchildrendoingalotofthings看別的孩子在做許多事

seesb.doing看見(jiàn)某人正在干某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)Seesbdosth看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)

eg.Wesawthemplayingbasketballatthattime.那時(shí)我們看見(jiàn)他們?cè)诖蚧@球17、findithardtodosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做(事)很難

Hefoundithardtolearnmathwell.他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)很難

注:it初中階段常作:形式主語(yǔ)/形式賓語(yǔ),而句子真正的主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)則由todo來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng).

八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit2WhatshouldIdo?練習(xí)題

一丶單項(xiàng)選擇

1.I’mnotgoodatmath.Ireallydon’tknow________.

A.whatshouldIdoB.howshoulddoC.whattodo2.Mybestfriendisthesame________.Weareboth12yearsold.A.asmyageB.ageasmeC.asmeage

3.Canyou________whattimethemeetingstarts?

A.findoutB.lookafterC.find

4.Mymotherknowslittleaboutfashion.Herclothesarealways________A.instyleB.OutofstyleC.newandsmart5.Dad,Idon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyaCD.Couldyou________mesome?A.borrowB.lendC.keep6.Don’targue________yourparents.It’snotpolite.

A.toB.forC.with

7.“WhatshouldIdo?”“________youcouldget________part-timejob.”A.Maybe,aB.Maybe,/C.Really,a8.-You’dbetternotgooutnow.It’sraining.

-Itdoesn’tmatter.Mynewcoatcankeep________therain.A.inB.ofC.out9.It’sabeautifulcoat.Buthe________only30dollarsforit.

A.paidB.boughtC.spent10.Theweatheris________forustogoswiming.

A.enoughwarmB.warmenoughC.toowarm11.He________hishomeworkathomeyesterday.

A.leftB.leavesC.forgot12.Couldyougiveme________toeat?I’’mhungry.

A.anythingB.somethingC.something13.Ifyouarewrong,youshould________sorry________others.

A.talk,toB.say,toC.speak,about14.Iwastoldtobeherebeforeseven.

-Oh,you________.I’msorryfornottellingyouthatwehavechangedtheplan.A.mustB.can’tC.needn’t15.What’swrong________yourradio?-Itdoesn’twork.

A.toB.withC.for

二丶根據(jù)首字母及句意完成單詞。

1.Wea________withthetaxidriveraboutthemoneyyesterday.2.Underthep________ofmodernlife,manypeoplefeelverytired.

3.Everyonewenttoplaysoccere________Tom,becausehedoesn’tlikeit.4.Shedidn’tgotobedu________hermothercamebacklastnight.5.Juliaf________hertest,soshewasveryupset.

三丶甩所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Don’tbestressedout.Youshouldtry________(be)relaxed.2.Giveme________(free)orletmedie

3.Iplanto________(surprised)heratherbirthdayparty.4.Couldyouplease________(pass)methosedumplings?5.I’mveryupsetanddon’tknowwhat________(do).

四丶根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子。

1.她生你的氣了,所以你她打電話。

She_______________you,soyoushould_______________.

21

2.你能給我一些建議嗎?

Couldyougiveme__________?3.Henry很失落,不知道該怎么做。

Henryisvery_____anddoesn’tknow_______________.4.星期三詹姆斯把他的歷史書(shū)落在家里了

James_____hishistorybook__________on_____.5.孩子們需要時(shí)間和自由去玩耍與思考。

Childrenneed_____and_____toplayandthink.

人教新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)(下)第二單元檢測(cè)試卷

班級(jí)_____姓名_______________學(xué)號(hào)________等級(jí)_______

一、詞匯考查。

A.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Therewasan_________(argue)happenedbetweenTomandJacklastnight.2.Lucyisusedto_________(have)awalkaftersuppereveryday.3.ThepeopleinIraqkeepfightingfortheirown________(free).

4.Theteenagershavetoworkhardbecauseofthe_________(press)fromtheirparents.5.Theytriedtheirbesttofindthe______(solve)becausetheywanttosolvetheproblems.B.根據(jù)首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示完成單詞。

1.Allthestudentslaughatmebecausemyclothesareoutofs_________.

2.“Don’tworry,mydearyoungman;there’snothings_______.”thedoctorsaidtome.3.Everyonewenttoplaybowlinge_____Tomandmebecausewedon’tlikeit.4.Look,ourEnglishteacheris__________(準(zhǔn)備)forhislessons.5.Heisreallya_______(天才),hecandoeverythingthatIcan’tdo.二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1.Myparentswantme_______(stay)athomeeverynightbecauseit’sdangerousoutside.2.Youlooksosadtoday.I_______(argue)withmygirlfriendlastnight.

3.Lucy,whatshouldIdo?Ineedsomemoney______(buy)somepresentsformybestfriend.4.Ifounditdifficult____________(get)tosleepinthenight.You’dbetter_________(take)somesleepingpills.

5.Lilyis1.7meterstall.Sheistallenough___________(reach)theapplesonthetree.6.Don’t__________(compare)otherswithyourself,just____________(work)hard.

7.Theyounglady_______(suffer)fromheadache,shehasto_____(go)toseethedoctor.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

1.EnglishnamesaredifferentfromChinesenames.(同義句)

Englishnames____________the______________asChinesenames.2.ThisdeskisLucyandLily’s.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))______________________________________isthis?3.Englishisthemostpopularofall.(同義句)

Englishis_____________popularthan_____subject.4.Hegotupafterhismothercameback.(同義句)

He____________getup_____________hismother____________.四、單項(xiàng)選擇。

()1.Themanoverthere________ourChineseteacher.

A.mayB.maybeC.maybeD.be

()2.It________herfourhours_________theworkyesterday.

A.takes,finishB.take,finishingC.took,finishedD.took,tofinish

()3.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclass___________70.

A.isB.areC.wereD.be

()4.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage________English?

A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside

()5.Wouldyoulike__________forsupper?

A.somethingChineseB.ChinesesomethingC.anythingChineseD.Chineseanything

()6.Marywasdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgonetothecinema_____her.

A.exceptB.besidesC.forD.without

()7.ShallIgetacupofwaterforyou?Yes,_______.

A.pleaseB.youshallC.youwillD.youmay

()8.Wouldyouplease_______ontheroad?

A.nottoplayB.tonotplayC.playnotD.notplay

()9.I’mafraidI’llhaveto_________thelostbook.

A.payforB.paidforC.payofD.paidon

()10.LittleTomisanorphan.Henowfeels__________withouthisonlyfriendthedog.

A.verymorelonelyB.evenmorelonelyC.morestilllonelyD.morefaralone

()11.Atlast,shefoundher_______petdog.

A.lostB.loseC.losingD.loses

()12.I’msorryI_______myexercisebookathome.

Don’tforget_______itheretomorrow,please.

A.forgot;totakeB.forgot;tobringC.left;totakeD.left;tobring

()13.Couldyou_________whentheplanesarrives?

A.tellB.lookforC.findsoutD.findout

()14.Heusedto________verylate,butnowheisusedto__________early.A.getup;gettingupB.getup;getup

C.gettingup;getupD.gettingup;gettingup

()15.What’swrongwithyou?_________________.

A.I’vegotaheadacheB.She’lltakesomemedicine.

C.She’sgotaheadacheD.Thankyou.

五、完形填空。

The1inBritainisverydifferentfromourChinesefood.Forexample,theyeatalotofpotatoes.Theyliketoeat2everyday.Theyeatbread3breakfastsandusuallyforoneothermeal.Theyeattheirbreadwithbutter,4cheeseorjam(果醬).Cheeseandbutteraremadefrom5.Theydrinkalotofmilk,too.Theydrinkthemilkcoldor6_,andtheyputitintheirtea.Theyputsugarintheir7_,too.Theyaretheworld’sbiggesttea8.Theydon’teatmuchrice.Andtheylikemeatorfishwith9andothervegetables.Theyserveallthesetogether.Afterthemainmealtheyalwayshave10sweet.Theycallthisdessert.Theydon’thavedumplingsinBeijing.()1.A.applesB.teaC.foodD.fruit()2.A.itB.themC.oneD.they()3.A.toB.withC.onD.for

()4.A.maybeB.beC.mayD.maybe()5.A.milkB.cowC.meatD.bread()6.A.hotB.manyC.muchD.bread()7.A.milkB.teaC.coffeeD.meal()8.A.makersB.buyersC.drinkersD.sellers()9.A.tomatoesB.bananasC.pearsD.potatoes()10.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing六、閱讀理解。

A

Mr.Gaolivesinatown.Whenhewastwenty-five,hissonwasborn.HecallshimGaoLing.Thelittleboyisclever.Heandhiswifelovehimverymuch.It’sSeptember1sttoday.Anewschoolyearbegins.GaoLingishappyandwearshismostbeautifulclothes.He’sgoingtoschoolwithhisnewbag.“Letmetakeyoutoschool,dear.”saidMrs.Gao.“Thankyou,Mummy,”saidtheboy.“Theschoolisnotfarfromhere.Icangotheremyself.”

Atschoolateachermetthelittleboyandasked,“What’syourname,mylittlefriend?”“GaoLing,sir.”answeredtheboy.“Howoldareyou?”“Six,sir.”“What’syourfather’sname?”“GaoDaling,sir.”“Howoldishe?”“Heissix,too,sir.”“Oh,”theteachersaidinsurprise.“Isheasoldasyou?”

“Yes,sir,”saidtheboy.“HebecameafatheronlyonthedaywhenIwasborn.”()1.Mr.Gaois_____now.

A.sixB.twenty-fiveC.thirtyoneD.thirty-five()2.Mr.andMrs.Gaolovetheirsonbecause_____.

A.theboyiscleverB.helikestogotoschool

C.hecangotoschoolhimselfD.hecananswertheirquestion()3.GaoLingdidn’tlethismothertakehimtoschoolbecause_____.

A.shewastoobusyB.hisfriendscouldtookhim

C.thepolicemancouldhelphim

D.theschoolisnearandhecouldtakecareofhimself()4.GaoLingwenttoschool_____.

A.bycarB.onfootC.bytrainD.bybike()5.GaoLingthought_____.

A.hisfatherandhewerebornonthesamedayB.hisfatherwasyoungerthanhim

C.hisfatherforgottotellhimabouthisageD.GaoDalingbecameafatheronlyforsixyears

B

Thecarwasinvented(發(fā)明)justacenturyago.Youmayknowallkindsofcars’names,butmanypeopledon’tknowwhowastheinventorofthefirstcar.ThefirstcarwasinventednotbyaGerman,butbyanAmerican.HisnamewasHenryFord.Henrywasborninapoorfamily.Hewastheeldestofsixchildren.Whenhewasaboy,hebecameinterestedinmendingwatchesandmachines.Whenhewastwelveyearsold,hismotherdied.Soonhehadtoworkinamachineshopfortwodollarsandfiftycentsaweek.Intheeveningsherepairedwatchesforanotherdollaraweek.Thehardlifemadehimstrongandable.

Atthattimetherewasanotherinterestinthelifeoftheyoungford.Hedreamed(夢(mèng)想)tomakeamachine.Itcouldrunwithoutahorse,sonamed“horselesscarriage.”Heover-came(克服)alotofdifficultiesandinApril1893,the“horselesscarriage”wasfinallyfinished.Itwasthefirstcar.

LaterHenryFordfoundedtheFordMotorCompany(福特汽車(chē)公司).Hewasreallythefirstinventorofthecarintheworld.

()6.Whoreallyinventedthecarfirst?_____.

A.AGermanB.AnAmericanC.FrenchmanD.Japanese()7.Fromthisstorywecanknowthecarwasinvented_____.

A.morethan100yearsagoB.lessthan100yearsagoC.just100yearsagoD.50yearsago()8.HenryFordmusthave_____.

A.fivebrothersandsistersB.sixbrothersandsistersC.fiveyoungerbrothersD.threebrothers

()9.HowmanydollarsdidyoungFordearn(掙)everyweek?_____.

A.2.5dollarsB.3.5dollarsC.3dollarsD.4dollars()10.Whichisnottrue?_____.

A.Herepairedwatchesintheeveningsforfun

B.Heenjoyedrepairingwatchesandmachineswhenhewasveryyoung.C.Hemetwithalotofdifficultiesintheinvention.D.Thefirstcarwasinventedin1893.七、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成英語(yǔ)句子。1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。

I______________________tolearnEnglishwell.2.我頭疼,心煩意亂,我不知道該怎么辦。

I’vegota___________,I’mvery___________andIdon’tknow________________.3.從圖書(shū)館借書(shū)必須按時(shí)歸還。

Whenyou__________books___________thelibrary,youmust_____________ontime.

4.他和他的同班同學(xué)相處的很好

Heis___________________________hisclassmates.5.看上去他們完全能自己做好它。

_____________________thattheycandoit__________________.八、書(shū)面表達(dá)。

請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文,談?wù)勀惚緦W(xué)期的計(jì)劃或打算,詞數(shù)要求在80個(gè)左右。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit2

一、A.1.argument2.having3.freedom4.pressure5.solution

B.1.style2.serious3.except4.preparing5.genius

二、1.tostay2.argued3.tobuy4.toget,take5.toreach6.compare,work7.issuffering,go三、1.aren`t,same2.Whosedesk3.more,anyother4.didn’t,until,returned四、1-5.CDACA6-10.DADAB11-15.ACDAA五、1-5.CBDAA6-10.ABCDA六、1-5.CADBD6-10.BACBA

七、1.founditdifficult(noteasy)2.headache,upset,whattodo3.borrow,from,

returnthem4.gettingalong/onwellwith5.Itseemed,bythemselves八、Onepossibleversion:

ThistermIshouldstudyharder.Iamgoodatmath,physicsandsciencelessons.MyEnglishisnotgood.IthinkIshouldlearnfrommyfriendNari.HisEnglishisgood.Perhapshewouldliketohelpme.Teachersaid,mycompositionswerenotgood.SoIshouldreadmoreusefulbooksafterclass.IbelieveIwilldowellinEnglish.Ontheotherway,Ishoulddomoreexercise,thiswillmakemestrong.Ilikeplayingballgames.AfterclassIshouldmakemorefriends,becausethemorewearetogether,thehappierweare.

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