201*初中英語時態(tài)總結
201*年單縣實驗中學初三英語復習學案初中英語時態(tài)總結蕭東來201*-04
英語中時態(tài)有8種,可分為三類:
1.一般的:一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,一般將來時。2.現(xiàn)在的:現(xiàn)在進行時,現(xiàn)在完成時。
3.過去的:過去進行時,過去完成時,過去將來時。一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1.概念:表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作。
2.基本結構:主語+動詞原形/be動詞(is,are,am)+其他成分。(注意單三)
3.標志詞:通常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的詞有:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onSundays,everyday,inthemorning,onceaweek,threetimesaweek等二、一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
2.基本結構:主語+動詞的過去式/be(was/were)+其他成分
3.標志詞ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longago,onceuponatime,etc.三.一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).。2、基本結構:
1).will(第二,三人稱)/shall(第一人稱)+do.2).主語+is/are/amgoingtodoing+其他成分。否定句:will/shall+not+do,
(shallnot和willnot的縮寫式分別為shan"t和won"t.,在be動詞后直接加not.)一般疑問句:把be動詞或者是will/shall提至句首即可。
3.標志詞tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening,nextyear/week/month/hour,in+段時間,inthefuture,thisafternoon/Sunday/evening,fromnowon,oneday,someday(未來的)某天,soon四.現(xiàn)在進行時
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。2.基本結構:主語+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他成分
(1)否定形式:主語+am/is/are+not+doing+其他成分。(2)若變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧,把be動詞放于句首即可。五.現(xiàn)在完成時
1.概念(1)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。
(2)過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時構成:主語+助動詞have(has)+動詞的過去分詞+其他成分
①肯定句中:主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(pp).②否定句中:主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞(pp)③一般疑問句中:Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞(pp)
④特殊疑問句中:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞不規(guī)則動詞要特殊記憶(初三課本171頁)3、標志詞
①for+時段
②since+過去一個時間點(譯為:自從……以來)③since+時段+ago
④since+從句(過去時)
⑤never,just,ever,before,already,yet,recently,inthepastfewyears,sofar,recently4.用法注意:
1、havegone(to),havebeen(to),havebeen(in)的區(qū)別
havegoneto去了沒回havebeento:去過已回來havebeenin:呆了很久
2、現(xiàn)在完成時容易和一般過去時混淆。兩者的區(qū)別是:一般過去時有動作發(fā)生的時間點,即過去某一時間,如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等;現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用如already(肯定),yet(否定,疑問),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:或for+時段,since+過去一個時間點;現(xiàn)在完成時還常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如ever,never,twice,等:
3、注意:短暫性動詞(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接與for,since連用。要改為其對應的延續(xù)性動詞
常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞:1.havediedhavebeendead
2.havecomeback/returnedhavebeenback3.havelefthavebeenaway4.haveboughthavehad
5.haveclosed/openedhavebeenclosed/open6.havebegunhavebeenon
7.haveborrowed/boughthavekept/had
8.havecaught/getacoldhavehadacold;9.havegottoknowhaveknown
10.havefinished//completedhavebeenover;11.havejoinedhavebeenamemberof12、havemarriedhavebeenmarried;六.過去進行時
1.概念:過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內進行的動作。2.構成:—主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
.否定式:主語+was/werenot+現(xiàn)在分詞
疑問式:was/were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞
3、標志詞1)過去某個特定的時間,如,ateighto’clockyesterday,atthistimeyesterday,2)when引導的從句3)while引導的從句七.過去完成時
1.概念:過去某個時間以前發(fā)生的動作,即“過去的過去‖
HesaidhehadbeentoBeijingtwice.他說他已經(jīng)去過北京兩次。
(因為—說‖said是過去式,而去北京的動作發(fā)生在said以前,所以用過去完成時。).2.基本結構:had+過去分詞
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞.
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞.③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had.否定回答:No,主語+hadnot.
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語+過去分詞)?
3、標志詞bytheendoflastyear,bythetime+動詞過去式,before,when+過去式的句子,賓語從
句中
八.過去將來時
1.概念:過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.構成肯定句:主語+be(was,were)goingto+動詞原形
主語+would(should)+動詞原形
否定句:主語+be(was,were)notgoingto+動詞原形.
主語+would(should)not+動詞原形
疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+goingto+動詞原形...?Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形…?
(過去將來時的構成和一般將來時一樣,只不過把助動詞be變?yōu)檫^去式,把will,shall變
為過去式。)
3、標志詞過去將來時常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。
定義一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作。一般過去時表示在過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在動作或存在的狀態(tài).進行的動作.Be(am\\is\\are)+V.-ing1.will+V.原2.begoingto+V.原willbe+V.pp1.tomorrow2.nextweek4.inafewdays5.inthefuture6.soonam/is/are+being+V.pp1.now2.atthemoment3.look,listen開頭的句子4.while引導的句子主動被動時間狀語V.(s/es)或V.ed或be(was\\were)be(am\\is\\are)Be(am\\is\\are)+was\\were+V.ppV.ppoften,sometimes,always,usuall,sometimes,Everyday,twiceaweek,onSundays過去進行時表示過去某時間正在進行的動作。1.yesterday2.lastweek/year3.amomentago=justnow4.in201*5.twoyearsago定義現(xiàn)在完成時過去將來時過去完成時—過去的過去‖表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)。1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)表示從過去某一時在造成的影響或結果。間看將要發(fā)生的動2.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。主動被動時間狀語2was/were+have/has+V.ppV-ingwas/were+have/hasbeen+V.ppbeing+V.pp1.at3o’clockyesterday2.atthistimeyesterday3.from8to10had+V.pp1.would+V.原2.was/weregoingto+V.wouldbe+V.pphadbeen+V.pp1.bytheendoflastmonthbythetime+過去的時間2.before,3.when等引導的時間狀語從句中。4.賓語從句中
1.sofar.用在間接引語或賓2.inthepastfewyears語從句中(即主3.since+時間點句用過去時從句4.for+時間段用過去將來時)5.ever,never,just,yet,already6..Howlong
時態(tài)專項練習
【201*湖北孝感】32.-WhereisMrBlack?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.-Youcan’tfindhim.He_______HongKong.
A.willgotoB.wouldgotoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento
【201*湖北孝感】33.-Anumberofvolunteers________willingtoteachinChina’sruralareas.-Yes,thenumberisgetting.A.is;biggerandbiggerB.are;biggerandbiggerC.is;moreandmoreD.aremoreandmore
【201*湖南常德】24.Manytreesandflowers_______inourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted
【201*湖南常德】26.Ifit_______finetomorrow,Iwillgohikingwithyou.A.isB.wasC.willbe
【201*湖南株洲】27.Ifmoretrees______planted,ourcitywillbemorebeautiful.A.wereB.areC.willbe
【201*江蘇淮安】14.Howaboutclimbingthehill?
Iwouldrather_______alongtheriverthan_______thehill.I’mabittired.A.walk;climbB.walking;climbingC.walking;toclimbD.walk;toclimb
【201*江蘇連云港】9.JeremyLin_______anunknownbasketballplayerinNewYorkKnicksforquitealongtime.
A.usedtobeB.usedtobeingC.isusedtobeD.wasusedtobe【201*蘇州】12.Someofmyfriendseatwiththeireyes.Theyprefertoorderwhat______nice.A.feelsB.smellsC.looksD.tastes【201*江蘇蘇州】15.ThefilmmadebyWaltDisney______allovertheworld.A.isusedtoshowB.isusedtoshowingC.usedtoshowD.usedtobeshown【201*江蘇無錫】2.HaveyouseenDr.Adamsrecently?
No.He_______HongKongforaninteractionalmeeting.He’llcomebacktomorrow.A.hasgoneinB.hasbeeninC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento
【201*江蘇無錫】7.Ilikethedress,butI’m_______Ihaven’tgotenoughmoney.Don’tworry.Idon’tmind______yousomeifyoulike.A.afraid;lendingB.glad;lendingC.afraid;tolendD.glad;tolend
【201*江蘇無錫】8.Myfatherdoesn’tlikeshoppingmuch.Hewouldrather_____TVathomethan________aroundforhoursinshops.
A.watch;walkB.watch;towalkC.towatch;towalkD.towatch;walk【201*江蘇宿遷】18.YourEnglishisgood.Thankyou.I________itforthreeyears.
A.learnB.LearnC.havelearnedD.hadlearned
【201*江蘇徐州】9.IknowalittleaboutThailand,asI________therethreeyearsago.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.willgoD.went
【201*江蘇鹽城】10.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_______easttowestwhenhesawit.A.travelsB.traveledC.wastravelingD.hastraveled【201*江蘇鹽城】12.HaveyoueverbeentoSingapore?Yes.I______therelastyearwithmyparents.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.wasgoing
【201*江蘇揚州】13.Wemustdoeverythingwecanourearthcleanerandsafer.A.madeB.tomakingC.makeD.tomake【201*江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】5.-YouwerenotinwhenIwenttoyouyesterday.-Oh,I_____forafriendfromEnglandattheairportatthatmoment.
A.hadwaitedB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.havewaited
【201*鎮(zhèn)江】9.Someparentsprefer______thewallbluefortheirchildren____themafeelingofharmony.
A.topaint;togiveB.painting;givingC.topaint;givingD.painting;togive
【201*江西】36.Youneedtotakenotesatthemeetingsomakesure_______apenandsomepaperwithyou.
A.bringB.bringingC.tobringD.notbring【201*江西】38.Hello,mum.AreyoustillonLushanMountain?Oh,no.wearebackhome.We________areallygoodjourney.
A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.willhave【201*江西】39.Oh,myGod!Ican’tfindmykeytotheoffice.Don’tworry.Perhapsit_______atyourhome.
A.leftB.hasleftC.wasleftD.hadleft
【201*遼寧大連】15.Dr.Bethune____workinginspiteofcuttinghishandduringanoperation.A.stoppedB.continuedC.forgotD.enjoyed【201*湖北恩施】30.Idon’tknowwhen______tomorrow?Iwillcallyouassoonashe______.A.willhecome;arrivesB.hewillcome;arrivesC.hewillcome;willarrive
【201*呼和浩特】7.Nodecision_______aboutthatmatteryet.Wearestillconsideringit.A.hasbeenmadeB.hasmadeC.willbemadeD.willmake
【201*呼和浩特】8.Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?Sorry,Ican’tdecide______now.
A.tobuywhichoneB.buywhichoneC.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit【201*年福建省福州市】43.--Ourclassroom_______everyday.--Soitis.It"sourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy.
A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleaned【201*年福建省福州市】37.--Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Smith?--Sorry,heisn"tin.He______theoffice.
A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeenaway
【201*年福州市】34.Itwassuchafunnyshowthatpeoplecouldn"thelp________againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughing【201*廣東省梅州市】33.Herson_______Coke,butnowhe________milk.A.usedtodrink;isusedtodrinkingB.usedtodrinking;drinksC.isusedtodrinking;usedtodrinkD.isusedtodrink;isdrinking
【201*廣東省梅州市】36.It’stoohot.Wouldyoumindmy________thewindow?--_________.Doitasyoulike,please.
A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.open;Goodidea【201*廣東省梅州市】37.He_______hisclassmates.
A.getalongwellwithB.getwellwithC.isgettingalongwellwithD.isgetwellwith
【201*梅州市】38.CaptainAlisonwill________ateighto’clock,soweshallhaveplentyoftime.A.beginningB.setoutC.besetoutD.bebegun
【201*廣東省梅州市】40.Ienjoyplayingcomputergames,butIcan’t________toomuchtime_______that.
A.take;doingB.spend;doingC.spend;fordoingD.take;todo
【201*廣東省梅州市】42.Intheolddays,they_______inthefactoryfrommorningtoevening.A.weremadetoworkB.askedtoworkC.madetoworkD.wereaskedforwork【201*廣東省梅州市】44.---Whereisyourfather?
---He_________Australiaandhe________Sydneyfortwoweeks.A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeentoD.hasgoneto;hasbeento
【201*年廣東省】39.OurEnglishteacherisverynice.We_____friendssincethreeyearsago.A.wereB.becameC.havebeenD.havemade【201*廣西桂林】38.Ourteachertoldus_______carefullyinclass.A.listenB.tolistenC.listenedD.listens
【201*廣西桂林】39.ImyhomeworkassoonasIgethome.A.doB.didC.willdoD.amdoing
【201*黔西南】12.Listen!Someone________anEnglishsongnow.
A.singsB.sangC.issingingD.wassinging
【201*黔西南】19.Judywithherbrother_______computergameswhenhermothercameback.A.wereplayingB.areplayingC.wasplayingD.isplaying【【201*黔西南】21.AfootballmatchbetweenClassTwoandClassThree________tomorrowafternoon.
A.isheldB.washeldC.mustbeheldD.willbeheld
【201*黔西南】22.He_________hishometownfortwentyyears.Hereallymissesit!A.hasbeenawayfromB.leftC.hasleftD.isawayfrom
【201*黔西南】24.Maryusedto_________towork,butsheisusedto________toworknow.A.ridingabike,takingabusB.ridingabike,takeabusC.rideabike,takingabusD.rideabike,takeabus29.________somethingwrongwithmybike.CanIuseyours?A.ItisB.ItwasC.ThereisD.Therewas
40.MissZhang,themostbeautifulteacher,_________manyflowersandlettersthesedays.A.receivedB.willreceiveC.wasreceivingD.hasreceived41.Yoursweaterlookssmart.Where______you______it?A.do;getB.did;getC.will;getD.have;got44.Moremoney_______whenweusebothsidesofpaper.
A.willsaveB.wassavedC.hassavedD.willbesaved【201*河南】24.Canyouanswerthedoor,Jim?I________thedishes.I"mcoming,dad.A.doB.didC.havedoneD.amdoing【201*河南】30.HaveyouheardofEarthDay?
Yes.ThefirstEarthDay_________in1970toeducateustoprotectourplanet.A.celebrates.B.celebratedC.iscelebratedD.wascelebrated【201*湖北黃岡】31.WhatdidYangYingsay?Shesaidthey_____aschooltripthenextweekend.
A.willhaveB.hadC.wouldhaveD.have【201*湖北黃岡】34.Hey,Molly.You_____onthephonejustnow.Butyouweren"thereandthemanleftaphonenumber.Oh?Iwasinthelibrary.
A.wantedB.arewantedC.werewantedD.havewanted【201*湖北黃岡】37.Whatwouldyoudoifyou_____thetrafficaccident?
Iwould_____.
A.see;domyhouseworkfirstB.saw;buysomefruitrightawayC.see;callatI10atonceD.saw;callthepolicerightaway【201*湖北襄陽】28.Whydon’tyoubuythecomputer?It’stooexpensive.Ican’t_____it.A.affordB.sellC.borrowD.keep【201*湖北襄陽】35.Haveyouwashedtheclothes?Notyet.ButI_____theminhalfanhour.
A.washedB.havewashedC.willwashD.wash【201*湖北襄陽】36.Whywashelateforschoolyesterday?
Heoverslept.Bythetimehegottothebusstop,thebus_____already_____.A.was,leavingB.has,leftC.would,leavveD.had,left
【201*湖北襄陽】39.It’sdifficultforvillagechildrentocrosstherivertoschool.Ithinkabridge_____overtheriver.
A.shouldbebuiltB.willbuildC.isbuiltD.wasbuilt
【201*山東濱州】32.MypenpalAndrewfounditdifficult______ChinesewellA.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned
【201*.山東菏澤】7.Asoneoftheschoolrules,middleschoolstudentsarenot______tosmoke.A.orderedB.refusedC.allowedD.forbidden
【201*.山東菏澤】11.OurforeignteacherMrGreen______usEnglishsincethreeyearsago.A.hastaughtB.isteachingC.taughtD.teaches
【201*山東濟南】53.Kevinwillgivelesshomeworktohisstudentsifhe______ateacher.A.becomesB.becomeC.becameD.becoming
【201*山東濟寧】22.Sorry,MrGreen.Ihave_______myhomeworkathome.Nevermind.Butdon"tforgernexttime.A.putB.keptC.leftD.remained
【201*山東濟寧】24.WillyougoandseethemovieNetMotherwithme?Thankyou.ButI_____italready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee【201*山東聊城】29.DoyouknowtheEnglishman?Yes.I_____________himfortwoyears.
A.gettoknowB.haveknownC.knewD.gottoknow
【201*山東臨沂】25.Travelingtospaceisnolongerjustadream.Russia______thefirsthotelinspaceinthenearfuture.AbuildsB.willbuildC.buildDhasbuild【201*山東泰安】31.IhearMr.ZhanghasgonetoBeijingforameeting.
Really?Doyouknowwhenhe______?A.leavesB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.left【201*山東泰安】32.Mum,whencanIwatchTV?Assoonasyourhomework_______.A.finishB.finishedC.isfinishedD.willbefinished20.一Guesswhat!IsawSallyinLondon.
一Really?I________shewasinNewYork.
A.thinkB.wasthinkingC.thoughtD.a(chǎn)mthinking【201*煙臺中考】24.ThesmileonMother’sfacesuggestedshe_____.A.wasgladB.wassurprisedC.ispleasedD.wasannoyed
【201*煙臺中考】25.Thewoman_____allofhermoneytocharities_____thepoor.A.gaveoff,tohelpB.gaveup,helpingC.gaveaway,tohelpD.gave,helping
【201*煙臺中考】27.Inrecentyears,thecconomyofourcountry_____rapidlyA.isincreasedB.hasincreasedC.increasedD.hasbeenincreased【201*煙臺中考】29.Iphonedyouat7:00thismorning.Buttherewasnoanswer.Well,maybeI______morningexercisesatthattime.A.wasdoingB.didCisdoingD.woulddo【201*陜西】26.Sam,comedownstairs,please.Ineedyourhelp.Sorry,Mum.I_______onthephone.
A.amtalkingB.talkedC.wastalkingD.havetalked
【201*陜西】29.Anewclub_____inourschoolatthebeginningofthisyearandnowithasmanymembers.
A.startsB.isstartedC.hasstartedD.wasstarted
【201*四川成都】37.Parentsoftenasktheirkids_____theirinternetfriendsbecausethekidsmaybeindanger.
A.tomeetB.nottomeetC.meeting【201*四川廣安】33.Whydon’tyougotothemoviewithme,Betty?BecauseI______itbefore.A.sawB.haveseenC.see【201*四川涼山】30.WhatdoyouthinkofSanya?Oh,it’sabeautifulcity,I____thereforseveraltimes.A.havebeenB.havebeentoC.havegoneto
【201*四川涼山】36.Ifind_____hardforme_____theworkinsuchashorttime.
A.it;finishingB.it’s;finishC.it;tofinish
【201*綿陽市】9.Youwere________toclosethewindows.Whywereyousocareless?A.allowedB.believedC.supposedD.caused
【201*綿陽】12.IhopeTimcancometomybirthdayparty.Thenwe________amuchhappiertime.Sorry,I_____________whatwashappeningoutside.
A.hadthoughtB.wasthinkingC.thoughtD.think【201*浙江溫州】4.Ilikesoftandgentlemusic.It____nice.A.tastesB.looksC.soundsD.feels
A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.havehad
【201*綿陽市】15.Wemakeitarulethateachofus________thebedroomonedayaweek.A.hascleanedB.havecleanedC.cleansD.clean
【201*四川自貢】28.Ithinkteenagersshould_____drive.Theyarenotseriousenough.A.beallowedtoB.notbeallowedtoC.notallowto
【201*四川自貢】31.Youshouldkeepthewindow_____becausetheroomistoohot.A.openB.openingC.opened【201*四川雅安市】12.Acarisgoing______thetunnel.A.throughB.crossC.acrossD.past【201*四川雅安市】18.Thelamb_______forquitesometime.A.hasdiedB.dieC.hasdeadD.hasbeendead【201*四川宜賓】29.Mygrandma______usstorieswhenIwasyoung.
A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling【201*四川宜賓】33.Areyouasoccerplayerinyourschool?
Yes,I_____theteamtwoyearsago.I______intheteamfortwoyears.A.havejoined;havebeenB.wasjoined;amC.joined;wasD.joined;havebeen
【201*天津】38.IhavebeentoShanghai.I____________therelastmonth.A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.willgo【201*天津】40.Thecloth___________verysoftandcomfortable.A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds【201*浙江湖州】22.Sixteen-year-olds______todriveinChina.ButinAmerica,theycan.
A.isallowedB.isnotallowedC.areallowedD.arenotallowed【201*浙江麗水】26.WhencanIseethedoctor,madam?
Letmesee.Sorry,you____________yourturn,soyou’llhavetowaitagain.A.aremissingB.havemissedC.willmissD.missed【201*浙江寧波】23.Whyisyourbedroomsodirty?
Sony,Mum.It_____________.Ifeltverytiredafterplayingsoccer.
A.isn"tcleanedB.didn"tcleanC.doesn"tcleanD.wasn"tcleaned【201*浙江寧波】28.Couldyoutellmewhathesaidjustnow?【201*重慶市】26.Mr.Liasksthestudents________intheriver,becauseit’stoodangerous.A.swimB.toswimC.nottoswimD.tonotswim
【201*重慶市】33.Chinese_________bymoreandmorepeoplefromallovertheworldtoday.A.learnB.learnedC.islearnedD.waslearned【201*重慶市】38.Sanyaisabeautifulcity.I_________twice.
A.havegoneB.havebeenC.havegonetoD.havebeento【201*貴州六盤水】37.Lookatthatsign.Smoking________here.
A.isn"tallowedB.doesn"tallowC.aren"tallowedD.don"tallow【201*貴州省畢節(jié)市】26.Wereyouathomeat9:00lastnight?Icalledyoubutnobodyanswered.Sorry,I______atthattime.
A.takeashowerB.tookashowerC.wastakingashowerD.amtakingashower
【201*貴州省畢節(jié)市】27.Mum,Ican"tfindmyshoes.Hurryup!Yourfather______forus.
A.iswaitingB.waitedC.waitsD.willwait
【201*貴州銅仁】32Iwasatthecinemaatnineo’clockyesterdayevening.Whataboutyou?I________TVathome.
A.amwatchingB.waswatchingC.willwatchD.watched
【201*黑龍江黑河市】30.She_____herhometownformanyyears.Noonenearlyknowsher.A.hasbeenawayfromB.hasleftC.hadleft【201*湖南省岳陽】27.Jimmyisn’there.Whereishe?
Hehurthisarmontheplaygroundjustnow.He______totheschooldoctor’s.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goes
【201*山東東營市】34.There_______afootballmatchandaconcertthisweekend.Whichonewouldyouliketogo?A.isB.areC.willbeD.willhave【201*山東日照】31.-Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredit.-Oh,we_____somerunninginthepark.A.aredoingB.weredoingC.havedoneD.did
【201*樂山市】27.Sarahhadherwashingmachine__________yesterday,butitdoesn’tworknow.A.repairB.repairedC.torepair
6擴展閱讀:初中英語時態(tài)總結(八大時態(tài)精講+習題+答案)
初中英語八大時態(tài)全套精講
.1一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
1)經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語:every,sometimes,at,onSunday
Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中。
Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
Idon"twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比較:NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。再如:","p":{"h":15.75,"w":47.325,"x":721.5
(3)動詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:study→studiesfly→fliescarry→carriescry→cries但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:
buyssays
2一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時間狀語有:yesterday,anhourago,theotherday,in1982yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening)lastnight(week,month,year),amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsagojustnow,等。
Wheredidyougojustnow?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.
WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3)句型:
Itistimeforsb.todosth"到時間了""該了"Itistimesb.didsth."時間已遲了""早該了"Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示"寧愿某人做某事"
I"dratheryoucametomorrow.
4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。
比較:一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)注意:用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。1)動詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2)情態(tài)動詞could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?
3usedto/beusedto
usedto+do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。Motherusednottobesoforgetful.
Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(過去常常散步)
beusedto+doing:對已感到習慣,或"習慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.
Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(現(xiàn)在習慣于散步)
2典型例題
----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It"s69568442.
A.didn"tB.couldn"tC.don"tD.can"t
答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應用過去時。二、構成及變化
1.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
am和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn’t)are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren’t)
帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。2.行為動詞在一般過去時中的變化:肯定句:主語+動詞的過去式.IwatchedafilmlastSunday.
否定句:主語+didn’t+動詞原形.Ididn’twatchafilmlastSunday.
一般疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形?
DidyouwatchafilmlastSunday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+以did開頭的一般疑問句?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?3、現(xiàn)在進行時
一、意義當表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)生的事。時間標志now,句前的look,listen
二、構成:be(am,is,are)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式肯定句:主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing(+其他)I’mdoingmyhomeworknow.
否定句:主語+be+not+動詞-ing+其他.I’mnotdoingmyhomeworknow.一般疑問句:Be+主語+動詞-ing+其他?
Areyoudoingyourhomeworknow?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞-ing+其他?Whatareyoudoingnow?三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構成:(1)一般在動詞末尾直接加ing,
(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加ing,
如skate→skatingmake→makingdance→dancingwrite→writinghave→havingride→ridingcome→coming
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞,中間只有一個元音字母,詞尾只有一個輔音字母,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:puttingrunningbeginningstoppingswimmingshoppingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四、現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法:
3a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。
Wearewaitingforyou.
b.習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.
(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.
c.表示漸變的動詞有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。
Theleavesareturningred.
It"sgettingwarmerandwarmer.
d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用,表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例題
Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.
A.haslost,don"tfindB.ismissing,don"tfindC.haslost,haven"tfoundD.ismissing,haven"tfound.
答案D.前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應用進行時,由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。9不用進行時的動詞1)事實狀態(tài)的動詞
have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.
Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理狀態(tài)的動詞
Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬間動詞
accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系動詞
seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.
4過去進行時
1)概念:過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示過去某一階段一直在進行的動作
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。
3)常用的時間狀語
thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,whileMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.
WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.
4典型例題
1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.
A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes
答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.
read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案B.句中的as=when,while,意為"當之時"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,后跟形容詞,如:fallsick。一、過去進行時結構:
was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個not,疑問句將was/were提前則可。如:Hewasreadingabookat5:00pmyesterday.
→Hewasnotreadingabookat5:00yesterday.
→Washereadingabookat5:00yesterday?(Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.)→Whatwashedoingat5:00yesterday?
二、過去進行時用法:
1.過去進行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作,常和表示過去的狀語連用。如:(just)then那時,當時atthis/thattime在這/那時yesterdayafternoon昨天下午
atnine在九點lastnight昨晚(at)thistimeyesterday在昨天這個時候
但在不少情況下,沒有表示時間的狀語,這時需要通過上下文來表示。①Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九點的時候,你在做什么?
②IwaswatchingTVathomeyesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看電視。③Theywereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候他們在踢足球。2.過去進行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內正在進行的動作。常與thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight等時間狀語連用。(1)From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.從1983到1998年,他正在耶魯大學教書。(2)Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。(3)Hewaswritingabookthosedays.那幾天他正在寫一本書
3.過去進行時與頻度副詞alwaysforever,continually,constantly等連用時表示過去經(jīng)常反復的動作,常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚或喜愛等情緒。⑴Mysisterwasalwaysforgettingthings.(表示埋怨)⑵Hewasalwayshelpingothers.(表示贊揚)4.過去進行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。
現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來的動作,同樣,過去進行時也可以表示從過去某時看來將要發(fā)生的動作,常用在間接引語中。
①LucyarrivedinBeijinglastFriday.ButshewasleavingforHongKongthenextmorning.上周五Lucy到達北京,但第二天早晨就要動身去香港了。
②Sheaskedhimifhewascomingbackforlunch.她問他午飯是否準備回來吃。5、過去進行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別。(1)過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的動作,而一般過去時則表示一個完成的動作。也5
就是說用一般過去時,只表示有過這件事;用過去進行時,則強調動作的連續(xù)性。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我寫了一封信。(信寫完了)Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在寫一封信。(信不一定寫完)②ThechildrenwatchedTVyesterdayevening.昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。(強調過去發(fā)生了這件
事)
ThechildrenwerewatchingTVyesterdayevening.昨晚孩子們都在看電視。(強調昨晚看電視這一動
作的持續(xù)性)
(2)表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動的靜態(tài)動詞(如be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般過去時,但通常不用于進行時。如:Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我討厭人們說話時口里含著食物。(3)一般過去時與always,constantly,forever,continually等連用,表示“過去經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作”;而過去進行時與always,constantly,forever,continually等連用,表示動作的重復,常帶有感****彩。如:
Healwaysgotupatsix.他過去總是六點起床。
Hewasalwaysthinkingofhiswork.他總是一心想到工作。
(4)有時過去進行時可以用來替換一般過去時,但一般過去時表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認真考慮的;而過去進行時表示一種較隨便或沒有進行仔細考慮的行為。如:Ithoughtthathewouldagreewithus.我原以為它會同意我們的。
Iwasthinkingofpersuadinghimtofollowmyadvice.我想到了要說服他接受我們的建議6.使用過去進行時應注意的幾點
(1)動詞hope,wonder等的過去進行時常用來表示提出要求,雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內容,但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時要委婉。如:
Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldcometojoinus.我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動?7下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進行時:(1).表示過去某一階段暫時性的習慣動作時。如:
Tomwasgettingupatsixo’clockeverydaythatweek.湯姆那一周里每天都是六點鐘起床。(2).與always連用表示贊美,厭煩等感情色彩時。如:
Johnwasalwayscomingtoschoollate.約翰上學總是遲到。
LeiFengwasalwaysdoinggooddeedsforthepeople.雷鋒總是為人民做好事。(3)用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時。如:
Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.APLAmansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.Hewantedtocrosstheriver.那是一個漆黑的夜晚,風刮得很厲害,雨下得很大,一個解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上,他想過河去。
(4)when作并列連詞,表示“(這時)突然”之意時,第一個并列分句用過去進行時,when引導的并列分句用一般過去時。如:
IwastakingawalkwhenImethim.我正在散步,突然遇見了他。
Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我們正在外邊玩,這時下起雨來了。(5)go,come,leave,start,arrive等動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。如:
IwasleavingforWuhanthatday.那天我正要去武漢。Shewascominglater.她隨后就來。
8過去進行時表示婉轉語氣(只限于want,hope,wonder等動詞),用以提出請求。如:Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.Iwashopingyoucouldsendmehome.三、when,while的用法
6when和while與過去進行時有著密切的關系,他們作從屬連詞時都有“當…….時候”之意,用法稍有不同:①when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是短暫性動詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞,而while引導的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性動詞。②when引導的從句謂語動詞如果是短暫性動詞則用一般過去時,主句是延續(xù)性動詞則用過去進行時,從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作的時間段之內(長動作用過去進行時,短動作用一般過去時);如果主句和從句兩個謂語動詞都是延續(xù)性動詞則全部用過③④
去進行時,這時when和while都可以用。when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。when和while兩個詞還可以用作并列連詞,但意思不同,when相當于“在那時”,等于atthattime或justthen;而while則相當于“而;卻;但是”;相當于but,表示對比關系。(這一點暫時可以不掌握)eg.⑴Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyfathergothome.=Whenmyfathergothome,Iwasplayingcomputergames.(2)Motherwascookingwhen/whileIwasdoingmyhomework.=When/WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,motherwascooking.
過去進行時鞏固練習:(聰明的你一定能全部做對)1.Simon_____________(make)amodelplaneat8:00a.m.2.Peter______________(do)hishomeworkatsevenlastnight.3.They____________(watch)afootballmatchfrom7:00to9:00lastnight.4.He_____________(try)todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.5.Whatbook________you____________(read)whenI________(see)youatfouryesterdayafternoon?6.Whileshe__________(watch)TV,herson____________(play)outsidetheroom.7.It________(begin)torainwhilewe_____________(work)inthefield.
8.I________(do)myhomeworklastnightwhenthelight_______(go)out.{goout意為熄
滅}9.Isawyouinthereadingroomyesterday,Tom.Whatwereyoudoing?------Oh,I____________(read)somebooksonscience.10.Girls___________(dance)whileboys____________(sing)attheparty.11.---DidyouseeTimjustnow?
---Yes.He__________(fish)bytheriver.
12.Whentheteacher______(come)intotheclassroom,thestudents__________(laugh)loudly.5一般將來時
一、意義:表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng);蛑貜桶l(fā)生的動作。
時間標志:tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening
二.構成及變化:
一般將來時常用的兩種結構
begoingto+動詞原形:表示打算、準備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。
shall/will+動詞原形:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況,沒有太多的計劃性,還用來表示意愿
7when+短/延while+延
⑴begoingto+動詞原形
㈠肯定句主語+be(am/,is,/are)goingto+動詞原形+其它成份
MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐準備明年學英語。㈡否定句主語+be(am/is/are)notgoingto+動詞原形+其它成份
Iamnotgoingto(goto)thecinematonight.我今天晚上不打算去看電影。
㈢一般疑問句Be(am/is/are)+主語+goingto+動詞原型+其它成份?
Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?No,heisn’t.不。㈣.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句?
WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春節(jié)你打算在哪過?
㈤.注意:begoingto結構后面習慣上不跟go,come等表位移的動詞,一般用該動詞的進行時形式表示。
如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去紐約.
⑵.will/shall+動詞原形
(在書面語中,主語是第一人稱時,常用shall,在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will)1.肯定句主語+will/shall+動詞原形+其它成份(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我將給他寫信。
2.否定句主語+will/shall+not+動詞原形+其它成份
Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天晚上他們不看電視。3.一般疑問句will/shall+主語+動詞原形+其它成份
Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow?明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎?4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句
Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么時侯回來?
三、附:ShallI/we常用來征求對方意見,而問對方是否愿意,或者表示客氣的邀請,常用Willyou?他們的回答比較靈活。1.Shallwegotothepark?肯定Sure,let’sgo.
否定No,let’sgotothecinema.
2.Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?肯定Yes,Iwill./Sure.
否定I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.
四、時間標志:tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening
1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will所代替。
will在陳述句中用于各人稱,在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.
Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式,表示將來。
a.主語的意圖,即將做某事。
Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。
Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。
c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事
Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。
8WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式,意為馬上做某事。
HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.
注意:beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5begoingto/will
用于條件句時,begoingto表將來will表意愿
Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you"dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.
Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror6beto和begoingto
beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主觀的打算或計劃。
Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排)I"mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排).7一般現(xiàn)在時表將來
1)下列動詞:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.
Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2)倒裝句,表示動作正在進行,如:Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.
Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)在時間或條件句中。
WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I"llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.
4)在動詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。
Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.
Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom..8用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來
意為:"意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I"mleavingtomorrow.
Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?6.過去將來時
1.概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.3.基本結構:was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。6.例句:HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthe
(1)過去將來時由“助動詞would+動詞原形”構成。would常縮略為‘d。
(2)過去將來時的用法
過去將來時表示過去的某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。如:
Ididn"tknowifshewouldcome。Iwasn"tsurewhetherhewoulddoit。WangLeisaidthatshewouldvisitherunclenextSaturday。
9過去將來時也可以用“was(were)goingto+動詞原形”來表示。如:
Ididn"tknowifshewasgoingtocome。WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSaterday。
7現(xiàn)在完成時
用法1:表示:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。標志詞:already,yet,just,ever,never,before
用法2:表示:過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。標志詞:for,since,sinceago
基本結構:助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞(當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have)
1)肯定式:主語+have/has+過去分詞2)否定式:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞
3)一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞
Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven"t/hasn"t.(否定)4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞
例句1.過去某時發(fā)生的動作到目前為止這個動作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
如:1)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時開始做,到現(xiàn)在已完成)
2)Hehasalreadycome他已經(jīng)來了。(過去某時開始離開某地到這來,現(xiàn)在已在這。)2.表示動作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
如:1)IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學了六年英語了。
(六年前開始學英語,一直學到現(xiàn)在,也可能繼續(xù)學也可能就此不學了。)2)IhavelivedinShenyangsince1990.我從1990年就在沈陽住。
(從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在,也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。)注意1)當表示一段時間,現(xiàn)在完成時可以用for或since引導的狀語。
例如:I’veknownLiLifor4years.我認識麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。
Ihaveworkedheresince8yearsago.自從8年前我就在這工作。注意2)當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時,在轉換成否定句時,要把句中的already或just去掉,在句末加上yet.。
例如:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.------Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.Hehasjustcome.Hehasn’tcomeyet?使用時注意事項
1.“have/hasgot”形式上是一種完成時,但和have/has為同一意思“有”。
如:Haveyougotpen-friends?Yes,Ihave.
你有筆友嗎?是的,我有。
Hashegotalotofworktodo?No,hehasn’t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不,他沒有。
2.have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別
have/hasgoneto去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人還未回來have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過,人已經(jīng)回來了
have/hasbeenin已經(jīng)在,常與一段時間連用
如:HehasbeentoShenyangbefore.他以前曾去過沈陽。
HehasbeeninShenyangfortenyears.他在沈陽10年了。HashegonetoShenyang?他去沈陽了嗎?
3.have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever連用;have/hasgoneto則不可。
10例如:─HasTomeverbeentoParis?湯姆去過巴黎嗎?
─Yes,he’sbeenthereseveraltimes.是的,他去過好幾次了。─Wherehavetheygone?他們去哪里了?
─They’vegonetoShenyang.他們去沈陽了。
4.非延續(xù)性動詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時+表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。
這類動詞有:come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動詞。
例如:arrive,come→behere,beinbuy→havebegin,start→beon;die→bedeadfinish,end→beovergoout→beoutjoin→beinborrow→keepfinish/end→beoverclose→beclosedleave,move→beaway;fallasleep→beasleep10比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
1)過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:
thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once,before,already,recently,lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語
for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,不確定的時間狀語
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。舉例:
Isawthisfilmyesterday.
(強調看的動作發(fā)生過了。)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.
(強調對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Whydidyougetupsoearly?
(強調起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。)Whohasn"thandedinhispaper?
(強調有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來了。
HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.
11(三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?---He"salreadybeensentfor.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(對)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
1)Itisthefirst/secondtime.that結構中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.
2)Thisisthethat結構,that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.ThisisthebestfilmthatI"ve(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。
Thisisthefirsttime(that)I"veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題
(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.
A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming
答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B。
(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it"sthefirsttimeI___here.
A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome
答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中,從句要用完成時。注意:非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
(錯)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.
(對)Ihaven"treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.
8過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標準,在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行
為,即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語:before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.3.基本結構:had+done.4.否定形式:had+not+done.5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。
6.例句:Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks
2)用法
a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.b.狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。
12Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.
c.表示意向的動詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本,未能"
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn"t.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.
Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.典型例題
Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.
A.hadwritten,leftB,werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft答案D."把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙于"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應用過去進行時。
注意:hadnowhen還沒等就hadnosoonerthan剛就
Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.
其他關于動詞時態(tài)的知識點
.1用一般過去時代替完成時1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調先后,或用then,and,but等連詞時,多用一般過去時。Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.
MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.
2)兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.
3)敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.2一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時
時間狀語從句,條件句中,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時
When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately
HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。典型例題
(1)Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.
A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeed
C.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.
答案B.在時間,條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時。本題有Hesaid,故為過去式。主句用將來時,故選B.此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時。(2)表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項,行程等活動。
Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物館明天10點開門。(實際上每天如此。)3一般現(xiàn)在時代替過去時1)"書上說","報紙上說"等。
Thenewspapersaysthatit"sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.報紙上說明天會很冷的。
132)敘述往事,使其生動。
Napoleon"sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.4一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時
1)有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時:
hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.
Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.
2)句型"Itissince"代替"Ithasbeensince"3)Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.5一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時
1)句型:Herecomes;TheregoesLook,herecomesMr.Li.6現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時
1)表示即將發(fā)生的或預定中計劃好的活動。
Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?這周和我們一起度周末嗎?Weareleavingsoon.我們馬上就走。
2)漸變動詞,如:get,run,grow,become,begin及die。Heisdying.7時態(tài)一致
1)如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實,則永遠用現(xiàn)在時。Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.
Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.
2)賓語從句中的助動詞ought,need,must,dare時態(tài)是不變的。HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.8時態(tài)與時間狀語
時間狀語
一般現(xiàn)在時every,sometimes,at,onSunday,
一般過去時yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow一般將來時next,tomorrow,in+時間,
現(xiàn)在完成時for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently
過去完成時before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas
過去進行時thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlasteveningwhen,while
將來進行時soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening
動詞時態(tài)鞏固練習50題
()1.There_______nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.---Whosingsbestinyourclass?---Jenny_______.A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone
()3.---_____theyounggirl_____theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?---Yes,shedoes.
A.Does;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps
14()4.---CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou_______abitolder.A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got()5.---WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?
---Sheoften_______herhomework,butontheeveningofMarch12she_______TV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth_______aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves()7.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied()8.---Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.
---Iwon’t.Assoonashe_______,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.
A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming
()9.---Doyoulikethissilkdress?---Yes,Ido.It_______sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt()10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI_______knowyou_______here.
A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were()11.MrLuXundiedin1936.He_______alotoffamousnovels.
A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite
()12.---Yourtelephonenumberagain?I_______quitecatchit.---It’s2567321.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.didn’t
()13.---Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?---Great!We_______withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends()14.---WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?---He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.
A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives
()15.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.
A.buysB.isbuyingC.boughtD.willbuy
()16.---LiuMeican’tcometonight.---Why?Butshe_______meshewouldcome.A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold
()17.Heturnedoffthelightandthen_______.
A.leavesB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left()18.---Keepquiet,please.They_______ameeting.---Sorry.
A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad()19.---Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.---Really?Where_______he_______?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go()20.Frank_______toseehisgrandmaifhe_______freetomorrow.
A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe()21.There_______atalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoingtogiveD.is()22.---Shallwegoshoppingnow?
---Sorry,Ican’t.I_______myshirts.
A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing()23.Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.I_______foranimportantphonecall.Gowithout
15me.
A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited()24.---DidyouseeTomattheparty?---No,he_______bythetimeIgotthere.A.hadleftB.wasleavingC.leftD.hasleft()25.---Isthisraincoatyours?---No,mine_______therebehindthedoor.A.hashungB.ishanging
C.hungD.willhang
()26.---_______you_______TVatthemoment?---No,youcanturnitoff.
A.Did;watchB.Are;watchingC.Do;watchD.Have;watched()27.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he_______abookatthatmoment.
A.justreadB.hasjustreadC.wasjustreadingD.hadjustread()28.MrSmith_______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.
A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting()29.---Icalledyouatsevenyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.---Oh,Iamsorry.I_______dinneratmyfriend’shome.
A.amhavingB.hadC.washavingD.havehad()30.---DoyouknowMissWang?
---Yes.Ifirstmethertwoyearsago.She_______ataradioshopatthattime.A.wasworkingB.hasworkedC.isworkingD.hadworked()31.MrWhite_______thenewspaper,whilehisdaughter_______TV.A.read;waswatchingB.wasreading;watched
C.wasreading;waswatchingD.
read;watched
()32.---I_______youatthemeeting.Why?---Iwasill.A.sawB.haveseenC.notseeD.didn’tsee
()33.Whentheteachercamein,thestudents_______aboutthenewfilm.
A.aretalkingB.weretalkingC.talkedD.talks()34.The201*AthensOlympicGames_______onAugust13.
A.hasbegunB.lastedC.beganD.haslasted()35.Hurryup!Theplay_______fortenminutes.A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.began()36.---MayIspeaktoMrSmith?---Sorry,he_______Australia.Buthe_______intwodays.
A.hasbeento;willcomebackB.hasgoneto;willbeback
C.hasbeenin;wouldcomebackD.isleavingfor;doesn’tcomeback()37.Ican’tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI______myticket.A.havelostB.lostC.willloseD.waslosing
()38.---WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmHarryPotter?---Itisverynice.I_______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
()39.We_______tolearnEnglishfiveyearsago.We_______itforfiveyearsuptonow.A.began;learnedB.begin;havelearnedC.havebegun;hadlearnedD.began;havelearned
()40.---Whatanicebike!Howlong_______you_______it?---Justtwoweeks.A.have;boughtB.did;buyC.have;hadD.are;having()41.Youdon’thavetodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.
16A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet
()42.---I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I_______hereonlyafewminutes.A.havecomeB.hadbeenC.wasD.havebeen()43.---_______mydictionaryanywhere?---Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.A.HaveyouseenB.DoyouseeC.HadyouseenD.Wouldyousee()44.---Ihaven’theardfromLiJunforalongtime.---Whatdoyouthink_______tohim?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.hadhappened()45.---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI_______here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming()46.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_______officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.willleaveD.hadleft()47.---Howlong_______yourfather_______theParty?---Formorethantwentyyears.A.has;joinedB.did;joinC.has;beeninD.does;join
()48.MrsSmith_______herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_______home.
A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;wouldcomeD.hadleft;came()49.DoyouknowBettyverywell?Yes,sheandI_____friendssincewemetinGuangzhoulastsummer.
A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned()50.Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?Hetoldmethathe____theDisneyWorldthenextday.
A.wouldvisitB.hasvisitC.isgoingtovisitD.willvisitKey:
1-5DCABC6-10DBCBC11-15ADBBC16-20BDCBC21-25BDCAB26-30BCDCA31-35CDBCA36-40BABDC41-45BDACB46-50BCDCA
17友情提示:本文中關于《201*初中英語時態(tài)總結》給出的范例僅供您參考拓展思維使用,201*初中英語時態(tài)總結:該篇文章建議您自主創(chuàng)作。
來源:網(wǎng)絡整理 免責聲明:本文僅限學習分享,如產(chǎn)生版權問題,請聯(lián)系我們及時刪除。