寧波柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組維修保養(yǎng)

寧波柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組維修保養(yǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)維修技術(shù)分析與總結(jié)

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的修理技術(shù)是通過維修人員憑著豐富的時(shí)間經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論知識(shí)，依靠發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的規(guī)定和技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行分解和修復(fù)，現(xiàn)對(duì)維修中所存在的技術(shù)問題進(jìn)行分析、總結(jié)。現(xiàn)通過對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)維修時(shí)常遇見的問題做簡(jiǎn)要的分析，以供有關(guān)人員在今后的工作中參考：1發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的分解

為使分解能順利進(jìn)行，一般由外向內(nèi)的分解程序進(jìn)行分解，拆卸下來的螺栓和零部件要按要求存放好，防止丟失和變形，如曲軸、缸蓋，凸輪軸等要按要求放置平衡，防止受力不均而產(chǎn)生變形，造成不必要的損失。對(duì)有要求按照規(guī)定程序進(jìn)行分解的零部件，一定要按規(guī)定的分解程序進(jìn)行分解。例如：氣缸蓋和曲軸主軸泵螺栓，如果沒有嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)定的拆卸程序進(jìn)行拆卸，一旦程序錯(cuò)亂，便會(huì)造成缸蓋和曲軸的變形，甚至報(bào)廢。2零部件選擇

目前，由于市場(chǎng)上出售的零件良莠不齊，有些配件由于庫(kù)存時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，其性能以無法達(dá)到原廠設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)要求，特別是假冒偽劣配件，其性能達(dá)不到原廠設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)要求，嚴(yán)重影響機(jī)械安全和技術(shù)性能，所以在安裝配件前，必須嚴(yán)格對(duì)新配件做出詳細(xì)的技術(shù)檢查。而有些維修人員在安裝新配件時(shí)，沒有對(duì)新配件做技術(shù)檢查就直接安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，這種做法是很不合理的。例如：一輛日本三菱FV413貨車在正常行駛時(shí)水溫高，經(jīng)檢查是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水泵進(jìn)水口膠管在水循環(huán)時(shí)被吸扁，原來膠管是劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，由于膠管長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)，而膠管內(nèi)并無防變形彈簧，由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)，水溫升高，使膠管變軟，被水泵吸扁，冷卻水無法正常循環(huán)，造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫過高，更換正廠的水進(jìn)水管后，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)水溫正常，因此在維修發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，應(yīng)使用正廠的配件，不可用其它型號(hào)的配件代用，更不能錯(cuò)用。3零部件的清洗

在維修發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，正確的清洗方法是提高修理質(zhì)量和延長(zhǎng)其使用壽命的關(guān)鍵。有些維修人員在清洗過程中不注重零部件的清洗，沒有合理的選擇清洗劑和清洗方法，導(dǎo)致零部件腐蝕損壞和早期磨損。因此，在清洗發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各個(gè)部位的零部件時(shí)，必須認(rèn)真徹底地清除其表面的油污和雜質(zhì)。而在選用清洗劑時(shí)，為了不使零部件表面受到破壞，影響配件的技術(shù)性能，對(duì)不同材質(zhì)的零部件的選用的清洗劑也不同，特別是精密零部件和橡膠類零件都不允許有任何程度的腐蝕。例如：鋁合金類，銅制品類和橡膠類零部件不宜放在堿性或酸性清洗劑中清洗，避免對(duì)其產(chǎn)生不同程度破壞和腐蝕，影響其技術(shù)性能。4零部件的安裝

裝配時(shí)，要由內(nèi)向外的裝配程序進(jìn)行安裝，并嚴(yán)格按照工作原理和規(guī)定要求進(jìn)行安裝。特別是對(duì)外部特征比較相似，容易發(fā)生裝反的零部件。更應(yīng)注意：例如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的汽缸墊、活塞、正推墊片、油封、活塞環(huán)等。這些零部件如果在安裝時(shí)不了解其工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)，最易裝反，導(dǎo)致裝配后不能正常工作，發(fā)生機(jī)械事故。所以在裝配零部件時(shí)，一定要了解零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，掌握正確方向和安裝要求。5零部件的配合間隙

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)裝配時(shí)，零部件的安裝有嚴(yán)格的技術(shù)要求，各項(xiàng)配合間隙必須嚴(yán)格測(cè)量，對(duì)不符合要求的零部件要進(jìn)行調(diào)整或更換，特別是活塞間隙、活塞與缸套的配合減息、氣門間隙、主軸瓦與主軸頸配合間隙、連桿瓦羽聯(lián)贛州頸間隙、活塞肖與肖套配合間隙、曲軸的軸向間隙等。各部位都有嚴(yán)格的尺寸和配合公差要求。在實(shí)際維修中，有些維修人員根本沒有按技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行檢測(cè)后再進(jìn)行裝配，而是有目地將零配件直接安裝導(dǎo)致間隙過大時(shí)軸承磨損加劇，而過大時(shí)將引起軸承抱死和燒熔等現(xiàn)象，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)根本無法正常工作，甚至?xí)�因零部件的配合間隙不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的機(jī)械事故的發(fā)生。6螺栓的選用

由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)溫度變化和變載荷作用比較大，因此，裝配發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，正確選用專用的螺栓對(duì)保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)維修后能否正常工作至關(guān)重要。例如：氣缸蓋螺栓、連桿螺栓、曲軸主軸承螺栓、噴油器固定螺栓等，都是采用特殊材質(zhì)的螺栓，其強(qiáng)度高，抗剪切力強(qiáng)。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)螺栓損壞或丟失時(shí)，一定要按要求選用同等規(guī)格和技術(shù)要求的螺栓。在選用時(shí)，一些重要螺栓的頭部都標(biāo)有記號(hào)，以便識(shí)別。如果隨意選用其它螺栓代用或自行加工代替，這些螺栓因材質(zhì)差或加工工藝不合格，導(dǎo)致在工作中發(fā)生拉卡，滑絲等損傷，嚴(yán)重時(shí)產(chǎn)生斷裂，造成敲壞氣缸體的嚴(yán)重事故，因此，在選用螺栓時(shí)，質(zhì)量一定要符合規(guī)格和技術(shù)要求，切忌亂代亂用。7螺栓擰緊程序和力矩

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各部位螺栓擰緊時(shí)，一定要按照規(guī)定的擰緊程序和力矩進(jìn)行擰緊，各部位螺栓在擰緊時(shí)都規(guī)定了嚴(yán)格的擰緊程序和力矩。而一些維修人員在擰緊螺栓時(shí)不按規(guī)定程序和力矩進(jìn)行擰緊，不使用扭力扳手，隨意使用加力桿，導(dǎo)致擰緊力矩不足或過大。而當(dāng)力矩不足時(shí)，易產(chǎn)生螺栓松脫，力矩過大時(shí)螺栓易拉伸變形，斷裂，例如：扭緊氣缸蓋螺栓時(shí)，如果不按規(guī)定程序和力矩?cái)Q緊，將導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸體和氣缸蓋變形，并沖壞氣缸墊片，因此在維修發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要按規(guī)定程序和力矩扭緊螺栓，防止因螺栓擰緊力矩過大，過小或不按程序而導(dǎo)致故障的發(fā)生。8墊片的使用

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各部位的墊片種類很多，常用的有平墊、彈簧墊、石棉墊、紙板墊、銅墊、鋁墊等。不同種類的墊片有著不同的作用。有些起著防松、防脫的作用，有些起作密封的作用。如果在使用墊片時(shí)不按規(guī)定和要求進(jìn)行選擇，導(dǎo)致機(jī)械事故的發(fā)生。例如：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸墊過薄時(shí)，容易產(chǎn)生漏油或漏氣，甚至沖壞氣缸墊，過厚時(shí)使氣缸壓縮比降低，嚴(yán)重影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正常工作和機(jī)械性能，因此在選用墊片時(shí)一定要按要求選用符合技術(shù)要求的墊片，防止事故的發(fā)生。9附件的檢查

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的附件總類很多，有柴油濾清器、機(jī)油濾清器、空氣濾清器、風(fēng)扇罩、水溫表、水箱蓋、油壓表、感應(yīng)等。如果缺乏對(duì)附件檢查和維護(hù)保養(yǎng)，將嚴(yán)重影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正常工作，減少發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的使用壽命，因此對(duì)附件的檢查和保養(yǎng)是必不可少的，對(duì)延長(zhǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的使用壽命至關(guān)重要。結(jié)束語(yǔ)：本文論述了在裝配發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)經(jīng)常被忽視的問題和應(yīng)對(duì)措施。在裝配時(shí)必須了解其工作原理，按照規(guī)定的技術(shù)要求和程序進(jìn)行裝配，進(jìn)一步提高了維修質(zhì)量，減少了故障的發(fā)生，使修復(fù)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能處于最佳的性能狀態(tài)。

Ningbodieselgeneratorsetmaintenance

Enginemaintenancetechnicalanalysisandsummary

Enginerepairtechnicalmaintenancepersonnelwithawealthoftimeexperienceandtheoreticalknowledge,relyontheprovisionsoftheengineandtechnicalrequirementsdecompositionandrepairarenowonthemaintenanceofthetechnicalproblemstoanalyze,summarize.Nowdoabriefanalysisofenginemaintenanceisoftenmet,fortherelevantpersonnelinthefutureworkofreference:Anengineofdecomposition

Sothatdecompositionofasmooth,generallyfromoutsidetoinsidethedecompositionprocessdecomposed,removedboltsandpartsaccordingtotherequirementsofstoragetopreventlossanddistortion,suchascrankshaft,cylinderhead,camshaft,accordingtotherequirementsplacedonbalance,topreventunevenforcedeformation,resultinginunnecessarylosses.Decomposedpartsdecompositionisrequiredinaccordancewithprescribedprocedures,mustaccordingtotheprovisionsofthedecompositionprocess.Forexample:thecylinderheadandcrankshaftmainpumpbolts,ifnotinstrictaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthedemolitionprocesstobedemolished,oncetheprogramisconfusionwillresultindeformationofthecylinderheadandcrankshaft,orevenscrapped.Twopartsselection

Atpresent,thesaleofpartsonthemarketvariesgreatly,someaccessoriesinventoryfortoolong,itsperformancecannotmeettheoriginaldesignstandardsandtechnicalrequirements,inparticularcounterfeitparts,itsperformanceuptolessthantheoriginaldesignofthetechnicalrequirements,seriouslyaffectthemechanicalsafetyandtechnicalperformance,beforeinstallingtheaccessories,mustbestrictlymakeadetailedtechnicalexaminationofnewaccessories.Somemaintenancepersonnelintheinstallationofnewaccessories,thereisnotechnicalinspectionofnewaccessoriesdirectlymountedontheengine,thisapproachisveryunreasonable.Forexample:aJapaneseMitsubishiFV413goodsvehiclesinnormaldriving,highwatertemperature,checkenginewaterpumpinlethoseinthewatercyclebeingsuckedflat,theoriginalhoseinferiorproductsduetoalongerhoselength,hosedidnotanti-deformationofthespring,duetoenginework,thewatertemperature,softenedhose,waterpumpsuctionflat,thenormalcycleofcoolingwater,causingtheenginewatertemperatureistoohigh,thereplacementistheplant"swaterinletpipewatertemperature,engineworknormalmaintenanceoftheengine,youshoulduseGenuineaccessories,notsubstituteothertypesofaccessories,nottomisuse.3partscleaning

Inthemaintenanceoftheengine,thecorrectcleaningmethodistoimproverepairqualityandextenditslifethekey.Somemaintenancepersonnelinthecleaningprocessdoesnotpayattentiontothecleaningofparts,thereisnoreasonablechoiceofcleaningagentsandcleaningmethodscausepartstocorrosiondamageandearlywear.Therefore,thecleaningofvariouspartsoftheengineparts,mustbecarefullyandthoroughlytoremovethesurfaceoilandimpurities.Selectionofcleaningagents,inordernottomakethecomponentsurfaceisdestroyed,affectingthetechnicalperformanceoftheaccessories,theselectionofthedifferentmaterialcomponentsofthecleaningagent,especiallyprecisionpartsandrubberpartsarenotallowedtohaveanyThedegreeofcorrosion.Forexample:classaluminumalloy,copperproductsclass,andrubberpartsshouldnotbeonthealkalineoracidiccleaningagents,cleaning,andavoidtheirvaryingdegreesofdamageandcorrosiontoaffectitstechnicalperformance.Fourpartsoftheinstallation

Assembly,theassemblyprocessfromtheinsideoutinstallation,andrequirementsforinstallationinstrictaccordancewiththeprinciplesandprovisions.Inparticular,externalcharacteristics,pronetoholdanti-parts.Shouldpayattentionto:suchastheenginecylinderheadgasket,piston,pushinggaskets,oilseals,pistonringsandother.Ifthesepartsduringinstallationdonotunderstanditsworkingprincipleandstructureofthemostanti-transvestite,leadingtonotworkproperlyafterassembly,mechanicalaccidents.Partsintheassembly,besuretounderstandthestructureandworkingprincipleoftheparts,tomasterthecorrectdirectionandinstallationrequirements.5partswiththegap

Engineassembly,theinstallationofthepartsstringenttechnicalrequirements,allwiththegapmustbestrictlymeasurementdoesnotmeettherequirementsofpartstobeadjustedorreplaced,especiallythepistonclearance,pistonandcylinderwiththecutininterestrates,valveclearance,themainbearingandmainjournal,withthegap,connectingrodbearingBWFGanzhouneckgaptoliveSaixiaoandtheShawsetwiththegap,theaxialclearanceofthecrankshaft.Eachsitehasastrictsizeandfittolerancerequirements.Inactualmaintenance,somemaintenancepersonneldidnotaccordingtothetechnicalrequirementsfortestingafterassembly,butthepurposeofsparepartsinstalleddirectlyleadtobearingwearincreasedgapistoolarge,toolargewillcausethebearinglockingandShaorongsuchphenomena,sothattheenginesimplydoesnotwork,becauseeventhepartsoftheco-ordinationbetween

Thegapduetoimproperseriousmachineryaccidents.Choiceof6bolts

Becauseoftherelativelylargetemperaturechangesandvariableloadsintheenginework,assemblingtheengine,thecorrectselectionofspecialboltsrightcanworktoensuretheenginemaintenanceisessential.Forexample:thecylinderheadbolts,rodbolts,crankshaftmainbearingbolts,fuelinjectormountingboltsarespecialmaterialbolts,itshighstrength,shearandstrong.Iftheboltisdamagedormissing,accordingtocertainrequirementsofthebolttousethesamespecificationsandtechnicalrequirements.Intheselectionoftheboltheadismarkedmarkedtofacilitateidentification.Iftherandomselectionoftheotherboltsalternativeorself-processinginsteadofboltsduetopoormaterialorprocessfailure,leadingtoLahappenedatwork,slipthewiredamage,seriousfracture,resultinginseriousincidentsknockthebadcylinder,sowhenintheselectionofbolts,thequalitymustmeetthespecificationsandtechnicalrequirementstoavoidchaosgenerationofindiscriminateuse.7bolttighteningproceduresandtorque

Tightentheboltsoftheengineparts,inaccordancewiththeprescribedtighteningproceduresandtorquetightenallpartsbolttightenprovidethestricttighteningproceduresandtorque.Anumberofmaintenancepersonneltightentheboltsaccordingtoprescribedproceduresandtorquetighten,donotuseatorquewrenchisfreetousetheafterburnerrod,resultingininadequateorexcessivetighteningtorque.Whenthetorqueisinsufficient,easytoproducetheboltsloose,thetorqueistoolargeboltseasytotensiledeformation,fracture,suchas:tighteningcylinderheadbolts,ifnotaccordingtoprescribedproceduresandtorquetighten,willresultintheenginecylinderblockandcylindercoverdeformation,andwashedouttheheadgasket,sothemaintenanceoftheengine,certainlyaccordingtotheprovisionsoftheproceduresandtorquetighteningbolttopreventthebolttighteningtorqueistoolarge,toosmallornotaccordingtotheprocedurewhichledtothefailureoccurred.8padsofuse

Engineparts,gasketsaremanykindsofcommonflatwasher,springwasher,asbestosmats,cardboardmat,coppermats,aluminummats,etc.Differenttypesofpadshavedifferentroles.Someplaysalocking,anti-offrole,andsomeforsealing.Theuseofshimsaccordingtotheprovisionsandrequirementsofselect,resultinginamechanicalaccident.Forexample:whentheenginecylinderheadgasketistoothin,pronetospillsorleak,orevenwashedoutthecylinderheadgasketistoothicktomakethecylindercompressionratiolower,seriouslyaffectingthenormalworkingoftheengineandmechanicalproperties,sowe,followingintheselectionofgasketshallbeselectedtomeetthetechnicalrequirementsofthegaskettopreventaccidents.9Annexinspection

Thegeneralcategoryoftheannextotheenginealot,dieselfilter,oilfilter,airfilter,fancover,watertemperature,radiatorcaps,oilpressuregauge,sensorandsoon.TheabsenceofthenormalworkoftheAnnexinspectionandmaintenance,willseriouslyaffecttheengine,reduceenginelife,theannexinspectionandmaintenanceisessentialforextendingthelifeoftheengineiscritical.Conclusion:Thispaperdiscussestheoftenneglectedissuesintheassemblyoftheengine

Andresponsemeasures.Mustunderstandhowitworksintheassembly,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthetechnical

Techniquerequirementsandproceduresforassembly,tofurtherimprovethequalityofmaintenance,reduced,therefore

Theoccurrenceofimpairedrepairtheengineinthebestperformancestatus.

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