第二軍醫(yī)大學張順興教授總結(jié)的醫(yī)學英語前后綴

第二軍醫(yī)大學張順興教授總結(jié)的醫(yī)學英語前后綴

醫(yī)學英語中單詞頗多,但醫(yī)學英語的學習有個技巧就是學習前后綴,不過醫(yī)學英語中的前后綴也說實話也有很多的.可還是有一些前后綴是最常用的,掌握了他們你其實可以猜出大部分的醫(yī)學英語單詞的意思.下面小輩列出這些最常用的供參考.1．人體主要器官前綴

名稱通用名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例

心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology

腦brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology膽gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2．與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng)nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron細胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital

體bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．與數(shù)字有關的前綴數(shù)字前綴示例

一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．顏色及與顏色有關的前綴顏色通用名前綴示例

色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma藍bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple綠green

棕brownbrownmixture/brownring

橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum緋紅crimson

青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：有些病名的“藍”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5．與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài)-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability

困難/障礙dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/塊-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血癥-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

壞死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia結(jié)石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7．與方位有關的前綴含義通用詞前綴示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac內(nèi)inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial間betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-

反/對oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位8．與外科手術有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切開-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng)…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9．與化學品有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10．與“作用”有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

殺-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驅(qū)逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脫/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/復re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷凍cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分離dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac

擴展閱讀：醫(yī)學英語前后綴

第二軍醫(yī)大學醫(yī)學英語的頂級人物張順興教授總結(jié)的醫(yī)學英語前后綴

這是第二軍醫(yī)大學醫(yī)學英語的頂級人物張順興教授總結(jié)的醫(yī)學英語前后綴

醫(yī)學英語中單詞頗多,但醫(yī)學英語的學習有個技巧就是學習前后綴,不過醫(yī)學英語中的前后綴也說實話也有很多的.可還是有一些前后綴是最常用的,掌握了他們你其實可以猜出大部分的醫(yī)學英語單詞的意思.下面小輩列出這些最常用的供參考.1．人體主要器官前綴

名稱通用名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例

心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology

腦brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology膽gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2．與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng)nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron細胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital

體bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．與數(shù)字有關的前綴數(shù)字前綴示例

一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．顏色及與顏色有關的前綴顏色通用名前綴示例

色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma藍bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple綠green

棕brownbrownmixture/brownring

橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum緋紅crimson

青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：有些病名的“藍”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5．與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài)-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability

困難/障礙dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/塊-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血癥-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

壞死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia結(jié)石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7．與方位有關的前綴含義通用詞前綴示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac內(nèi)inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial間betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-

反/對oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位8．與外科手術有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切開-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng)…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9．與化學品有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10．與“作用”有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

殺-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驅(qū)逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脫/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/復re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷凍cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分離dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac

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