有機化學反應方程式小結

有機化學反應方程式小結

一.取代反應

1.CH4+Cl2--光→CH3Cl+HCl2.C2H6+Cl2--光→C2H5Cl+HCl3.C6H6+Br2Fe→C6H5Br+HBr4.C2H5OH+HBr--加熱→C2H5Br+H2O

5.C6H6+HNO3--H2SO4水浴加熱→C6H5NO2+H2O6.C6H5Cl+H2O--NaOHCu,高溫,加壓→C6H5OH+HCl7.C2H5Cl+H2ONaOH→C2H5OH+HCl

8.CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀硫酸,加熱→CH3COOH+C2H5OH

9.(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH→C3H5(OH)3+3C17H35COOH10.2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H211.2C6H5OH+2Na→2C6H5ONa+H2↑

12.2CH3COOH+2Na→2CH3COONa+H2↑

(分子間脫水)C2H5OH+C2H5OH--濃H2SO4,140℃→C2H5OC2H5+H2O

二.加成反應

13.CH2=CH2+H2→Ni,加熱→CH3CH314.CH2=CH2+HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CH2Cl15.C2H2+H2--Ni,加熱→CH2=CH216.C2H2+2H2--Ni,加熱→CH3CH317.C2H2+2HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CHCl218.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br19.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br20.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2Br2→BrCH2-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br21.CH3CHO+H2Ni→CH3CH2OH

22.CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+H2--Ni→CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH

23.C6H6+3H2Ni→C6H12(環(huán)己烷)24.C6H6+3Cl2--光→C6H6Cl6

25.CH2=CH2+H2O--H2SO4,加熱,加壓→CH3CH2OH三.消去反應

26.CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,170℃→CH2=CH2↑+H2O27.CH3CH2Br+NaOH--醇,加熱→CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O四.酯化反應(取代反應)

28.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,加熱→CH3COOC2H5+H2O29.C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3--濃H2SO4→C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O五.水解(鹵代烴、酯、油脂的水解見上,亦是取代反應)30.CH3COONa+H2O→CH3COOH+NaOH31.CH3CH2ONa+H2O→CH3CH2OH+NaOH32.C6H5ONa+H2O→C6H5OH+NaOH33.C17H35COONa+H2O→C17H35COOH+NaOH34.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,加熱→nC6H12O6六.氧化反應

35.2C2H5OH+O2--Cu或Ag,加熱→2CH3CHO+2H2O36.C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+熱37.2CH3CHO+O2→2CH3COOH

38.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O39.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O

40.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O41.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2--加熱→CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O42.HCOOH+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O43.HCOOH+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+Cu2O↓+3H2O44.HCOONa+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NaHCO3+4NH3+2Ag↓+H2O45.HCOONH4+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+4NH3+H2O

46.HCOOR+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4OCOOR+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O47.HCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→HCOONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O48.HCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+4Ag↓+7NH3+2H2O49.HCHO+4Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+2Cu2O↓+5H2O七.還原反應

50.CH3COCH3+H2--Ni→CH3CHOHCH360.HCHO+H2--Ni→CH3OH51.C6H5CH=CH2+4H2--Ni→C6H11CH2CH3八.加聚反應

52.nCH2=CH2→[CH2-CH2]n53.nCH3-CH=CH2→[CH-CH2]n67.nCH2=C-COOCH3→[CH2-C]n68.nCH2=C-CH=CH2→[CH2-C=CH-CH2]n九.縮聚反應氨基酸合成蛋白質

擴展閱讀：有機化學反應方程式小結

有機化學反應方程式小結

一.取代反應1.CH4+Cl2--光→CH3Cl+HClC2H6+Cl2-光→C2H5Cl+HCl2.C6H6+Br2Fe→C6H5Br+HBr3.C2H5OH+HBr--加熱→C2H5Br+H2O4.C6H6+HNO3--H2SO4水浴加熱→C6H5NO2+H2O6.C6H5Cl+H2O--NaOHCu,高溫,加壓→C6H5OH+HCl7.C2H5Cl+H2ONaOH→C2H5OH+HCl

8.CH3COOC2H5+H2O--無機酸或堿→CH3COOH+C2H5OH9.(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH→C3H5(OH)3+3C17H35COOH二.加成反應

10.CH2=CH2+H2→Ni加熱→CH3CH313.CH2=CH2+HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CH2Cl14.C2H2+H2--Ni,加熱→CH2=CH2C2H2+2H2--Ni,加熱→CH3CH3

15.C2H2+2HCl--催化劑,加熱→CH3CHCl216.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br17.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br18.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2Br2→BrCH2-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br19.CH3CHO+H2Ni→CH3CH2OH

20.CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+H2--Ni→CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH21.C6H6+3H2Ni→C6H12(環(huán)己烷)22.C6H6+3Cl2--光→C6H6Cl6(六六六)

23.CH2=CH2+H2O--H2SO4或H3PO4,加熱,加壓→CH3CH2OH三.消去反應

24.CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,170℃→CH2=CH2↑+H2O25.CH3CH2Br+NaOH--醇,加熱→CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O四.酯化反應(亦是取代反應)

26.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH--濃H2SO4,加熱→CH3COOC2H5+H2O27.C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3--濃H2SO4→C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O

28.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nHNO3(濃)--濃H2SO4→[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n+3nH2O29.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nCH3COOH--濃H2SO4→[C6H7O2(OOCCH3)3]n+3nH2O30.葡萄糖+乙酸乙酸酐

五.水解(鹵代烴、酯、油脂的水解見上,亦是取代反應)31.CH3COONa+H2O→CH3COOH+NaOH32.CH3CH2ONa+H2O→CH3CH2OH+NaOH33.C6H5ONa+H2O→C6H5OH+NaOH

34.C17H35COONa+H2O→C17H35COOH+NaOH35.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--淀粉酶→nC12H22O11淀粉麥芽糖

36.2(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,加熱→nC6H12O6淀粉葡萄糖

37.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,常時間加熱→nC6H12O6纖維素葡萄糖

38.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→C6H12O6+C6H12O6蔗糖葡萄糖果糖39.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→2C6H12O6麥芽糖葡萄糖

40.蛋白質--胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶→各種a-氨基酸六.氧化反應(一)被強氧化劑氧化

41.2C2H5OH+O2--Cu或Ag→2CH3CHO+2H2O42.C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+熱43.2CH3CHO+O2→2CH3COOH

★44.5CH2=CH2+6KMnO4+18H2SO4→6K2SO4+10CO2+12MnSO4+28H2O★45.5C6H5CH3+6KMnO4+9H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+3K2SO4+6MnSO4+14H2O

★46.5C6H5CH2CH3+12KMnO4+18H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+5CO2+6K2SO4+12MnSO4+28H2O(二)被弱氧化劑氧化

47.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O48.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O

49.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O50.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2--加熱→CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O51.HCOOH+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O52.HCOOH+2Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+Cu2O↓+3H2O53.HCOONa+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NaHCO3+4NH3+2Ag↓+H2O54.HCOONH4+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+4NH3+H2O55.HCOOR+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4OCOOR+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O56.HCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→HCOONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O57.HCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+4Ag↓+7NH3+2H2O58.HCHO+4Cu(OH)2加熱→CO2+2Cu2O↓+5H2O七.還原反應

59.CH3COCH3+H2--Ni→CH3CHOHCH360.HCHO+H2--Ni→CH3OH61.C6H5CH=CH2+4H2--Ni→C6H11CH2CH3八.加聚反應

62.nCH2=CH2→[CH2-CH2]n63.nCH3-CH=CH2→[CH-CH2]n64.nCH2=CHX→[CH2-CH]n65.nCF2=CF2→[CF2-CF2]n66.nCH2=CHCN→[CH2-CH]n67.nCH2=C-COOCH3→[CH2-C]n68.nCH2=C-CH=CH2→[CH2-C=CH-CH2]n69.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2→[CH2-CH=CH-CH2]n70.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2+nC6H5CH=CH2→

[CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH]n或[CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH-CH2]n71.3CHCH→C6H6(苯)72.nCH2=CH2+nCH3-CH=CH2→[CH2-CH-CH2-CH2]n或[CH-CH2-CH2-CH2]n九.縮聚反應

72.H-N-CH2-C-OH+H-N-CH2-C-OH+...→H-N-CH2-C-N-CH2-C-...+nH2O73.nC6H5OH+nHCHO---濃HCl,加熱→[C6H3OHCH2]n+nH2O74.HOOC--COOH+nHO-CH2CH2-OH→[CO--COOCH2CH2O]n+2nH2O十.其他

(一)有機物跟鈉的反應

75.2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H76.2C6H5OH+2Na→2C6H5ONa+H2↑77.2CH3COOH+2Na→2CH3COONa+H2↑(二)炭化

78.C12H22O11--濃H2SO4→12C+11H2O(三)分子間脫水

79.2C2H5OH--濃H2SO4,140℃→C2H5OC2H5+H2O(四)氨基酸的兩性

80.CH2-COOH+HCl→[CH2-COOH]Cl-81.CH2-COOH+NaOH→CH2-COONa+H2O

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